Frederick Chopin Essay Example For Students

Frederick Chopin Essay The 1830s have been known as the time of the piano in light of the fact that duringthat period the piano and the music composed for it assumed a predominant job inEuropean melodic culture. The piano had, obviously, as of now been well known formore than 50 years, however by the third decade of the nineteenth century,changes in the instrument and its crowd changed the pianos job inmusical life. As the Industrial Revolution hit its sweet spot, piano manufacturersdeveloped strategies for building a lot a larger number of pianos than had beforehand beenfeasible, and at lower cost. Pianos stopped to be the select territory of thewealthy; an extending white collar class could likewise seek to claim them and make musicat home. A great many novice piano players started to take exercises, purchase printed music,and go to shows. Virtuosos like Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Sigismund Thalberg,and Franz Liszt turned into the principal melodic hotshots, visiting Europe andastonishing crowds with music t hey had formed to show their pianotechnique. Frederick Chopin was conceived in a little town named Zelazowa Wolalocated in Poland on March first, 1810. His enthusiastic love of music indicated itselfat an early age. There are stories, for example, of how when his mom andsister played moves on their amazing piano he would begin sobbing uncontrollably for thesheer excellence of the sounds he heard. Before long he started to investigate the console forhimself and got a kick out of testing. By the age of seven he had becomesufficiently useful for his folks to attempt to discover him an instructor. Their choicefell on Adalbert Zywny, a Bohemian writer at that point matured sixty-one and nowremembered exclusively as Chopins first instructor. Inside a couple of long periods of beginninghis concentrates with Zywny, Chopin started to play in broad daylight, and before the finish of 1817,at the age of seven, had just been depicted by numerous individuals as ?Mozartssuccessor. Chopin started t o create around this time, and kept on doing sothroughout his understudy years, however just a bunch of these works were printed. Inthe harvest time of 1826, Chopin started considering the hypothesis of music, figured bass, andcomposition at the Warsaw High School of Music. Its head was the author J?zefElsner. Chopin, be that as it may, didn't go to the piano class. Mindful of theexceptional nature of Chopins ability, Elsner permitted him, in agreement withhis character and demeanor, to focus on piano music however was unbendingas respects hypothetical subjects, specifically contrast. Chopin, enriched bynature with grand melodic creation, simplicity of free extemporization, and aninclination towards splendid impacts and impeccable amicability, picked up in Elsnersschool a strong establishing, order, and exactness of development, also asan comprehension of the importance and rationale of each note. This was the period ofthe first broadened works, for example, the Sonata in C minor, V ariations, on a themefrom Don Juan by Mozart, the Rondo ? la Krakowiak, the Fantaisie, and the Trioin G minor. Chopin finished his training at the High School in 1829, and after thethird year of his investigations Elsner wrote in a report: Chopin, Fryderyk,third year understudy, astounding ability, melodic virtuoso. Subsequent to finishing hisstudies, Chopin arranged a more drawn out remain abroad to get familiar with themusical life of Europe and to win notoriety. Up to at that point, he had never left Poland,with the special case of two brief remains in Prussia. In 1826, he had spent aholiday in Bad Reinertz (present day Duszniki-Zdr?j) in Lower Silesia, and twoyears later he had went with his dads companion, Professor Feliks Jarocki, onhis excursion to Berlin to go to a congress of naturalists. Here, very unknownto the Prussian open, he focused on watching the nearby melodic scene. Presently he sought after bolder plans. In July 1829 he made a short outing to Vienna inthe organization of his associates. Wilhelm W?rfel, who had been remaining therefor three years, acquainted him with the melodic condition, and empowered Chopinto give two exhibitions in the K?rtnertortheater. He making the most of his tremendoussuccess with people in general, and in spite of the fact that the pundits blamed his exhibition forits little volume of sound, they acclaimed him as a virtuoso of the piano andpraised his creations. Therefore, the Viennese distributer Tobias Haslingerprinted the Variations on a topic from Mozart (1830), a piece he performed atthe K?rtnertortheater. This was the principal distribution of a Chopin compositionabroad, for up to at that point, his works had just been distributed in Warsaw. Upon hisreturn to Warsaw, Chopin, effectively liberated from understudy obligations, committed himself tocomposition and composed, among different pieces, two Concertos for p iano andorchestra: in F minor and E minor. The principal concerto was enlivened to aconsiderable degree by the writers emotions towards Konstancja Gladkowska,who examined singing at the Conservatory. This was likewise the time of the firstnocturne, exercises, dances, mazurkas, and tunes to words by Stefan Witwicki. Custom made Education EssayOn 17 October 1849, Chopin passed on of pneumonic tuberculosis in his Parisian flatin the Place Vend?me. He was covered in the P?re-Lachaise burial ground in Paris. Inaccordance with his will, be that as it may, his sister brought his heart, taken from hisbody after death, to Warsaw where it was set in a urn introduced in a pillarof the Holy Cross church in Krakowskie Przedmiscie. Chopin distributed 159 worksdistributed among sixty-five creation numbers, yet he additionally formed more thanseventy different works that he decided not to distribute. Now and again, he may havedecided that the music was not up to his measures or that it required furtherrevision. Different works had been introduced as close to home endowments to dear companions, andChopin may have thought of it as unseemly to distribute them. On his deathbed, hehad asked that all his unpublished original copies be decimated, yet that desire wasnot regarded, and in 1853 his mom and sisters asked Julian Fontana, Chopinsfriend and amanuensis, to choose from among them works that he considered worthyand alter them for distribution. He chose twenty-three piano pieces, which hegrouped into eight creation numbers (66-73). Chopins music, regardless of what thesetting, is in a split second conspicuous. His exceptional feeling of lyricism andunparalleled melodic virtuoso delivered probably the most absolutely delightful musicever composed; music which would impact numerous writers who followed, fromBrahms to Debussy. He was a progressive light in Romantic music, the ultimatecraftsman of unconventional song and lamentable agreement. In the structure andform of his sytheses, he is very alone; his feeling of equalization andarchitecture in music was not especially identified with the Classical or buddingRomantic custom, however appeared to spring from some obscure well-source. Theoverwhelming force and impact of his melodic heritage is always guaranteed. BibliographyThe Unofficial Frederic Chopin Homepage.. Walk 2000. ? Chopin Foundation of the United States, Inc. Fryderyk Chopin? A Chronological Biography.. Walk 2000. ? Leszczynski, Krzysztof. Frederic Chopin:Life?Works?Tradition.. November 1999. ? Orga, Ates. Chopin: His Life and Times. Tunbridge Wells:Midas Books, 1976. ? Pourtal?s, Guy De. Polonaise: The Life of Chopin. NewYork: Henry Holt and Company, 1927. ? Szulc, Tad. Chopin in Paris: The Life andTimes of the Romantic Composer. New York: Scribner, 1989.

When the Standard Deviation Is Equal to Zero

At the point when the Standard Deviation Is Equal to Zero The example standard deviation is a clear measurement that gauges the spread of a quantitative informational collection. This number can be any non-negative genuine number. Since zero is a nonnegative genuine number, it appears to be beneficial to ask, â€Å"When will the example standard deviation be equivalent to zero?† This happens in the uncommon and exceptionally strange situation when the entirety of our information esteems are actually the equivalent. We will investigate the reasons why. Depiction of the Standard Deviation Two significant inquiries that we ordinarily need to reply about an informational collection include: What is the focal point of the dataset?How spread out is the arrangement of information? There are various estimations, considered expressive measurements that answer these inquiries. For instance, the focal point of the information, otherwise called the normal, can be portrayed as far as the mean, middle or mode. Different insights, which are less notable, can be utilized, for example, the midhinge or the trimean. For the spread of our information, we could utilize the range, the interquartile extend or the standard deviation. The standard deviation is matched with the intend to evaluate the spread of our information. We would then be able to utilize this number to think about different informational indexes. The more prominent our standard deviation is, at that point the more noteworthy the spread is. Instinct So let’s consider from this depiction what it would intend to have a standard deviation of zero. This would demonstrate that there is no spread at all in our informational index. The entirety of the individual information esteems would be bunched together at a solitary worth. Since there would just be one worth that our information could have, this worth would establish the mean of our example. In this circumstance, when the entirety of our information esteems are the equivalent, there would be no variety at all. Naturally it bodes well that the standard deviation of such an informational collection would be zero. Scientific Proof The example standard deviation is characterized by an equation. So any announcement, for example, the one above ought to be demonstrated by utilizing this equation. We start with an informational collection that fits the portrayal over: all qualities are indistinguishable, and there are n esteems equivalent to x. We ascertain the mean of this informational index and see that it is  x (x . . . x)/n nx/n x. Presently when we compute the individual deviations from the mean, we see that these deviations are zero. Subsequently, the difference and furthermore the standard deviation are both equivalent to zero as well. Vital and Sufficient We see that on the off chance that the informational collection shows no variety, at that point its standard deviation is zero. We may inquire as to whether the opposite of this announcement is additionally evident. To check whether it is, we will utilize the equation for standard deviation once more. This time, be that as it may, we will set the standard deviation equivalent to zero. We will make no suppositions about our informational collection, yet will perceive what setting s 0 suggests Assume that the standard deviation of an informational index is equivalent to zero. This would suggest that the example difference s2 is likewise equivalent to zero. The outcome is the condition: 0 (1/(n - 1)) âˆ' (xi - x )2 We duplicate the two sides of the condition by n - 1 and see that the aggregate of the squared deviations is equivalent to zero. Since we are working with genuine numbers, the main path for this to happen is for all of the squared deviations to be equivalent to zero. This implies for each I, the term (xi - x )2 0. We currently take the square base of the above condition and see that each deviation from the mean must be equivalent to zero. Since for all I, xi - x 0 This implies each datum esteem is equivalent to the mean. This outcome alongside the one above permits us to state that the example standard deviation of an informational index is zero if and just if the entirety of its qualities are indistinguishable.

Essay Topics For College

<h1>Essay Topics For College</h1><p>Looking for paper themes for school can be somewhat precarious. In the event that you've never considered doing an exposition, it's not so much that difficult to make sense of how to do it. The main thing that can make this errand progressively troublesome is in the event that you have just done it previously and it appears to have gone in the junk receptacle. Here are a few themes for school that you may need to try.</p><p></p><p>You likely won't have any desire to compose a diary for your school understanding, yet composing a short story will kick you off. Simply recollect that you don't have to have a story to do this; you should simply doodle and have some good times. This is an extraordinary point for your paper, and on the off chance that you compose from the viewpoint of the hero, you'll see that you will run over with a story that is fundamentally the same as the one you told yourself.</p>< p></p><p>Writing about your family ancestry or about your folks is another acceptable exposition themes for school for some reasons. For a certain something, relatives are a significant piece of your life, and it is essential to comprehend what your identity is and what you experienced during your childhood.</p><p></p><p>Another advantage of expounding on your family is that it can enable you to develop as an individual. Envision what it would resemble if your school expositions were about your companions, family, and your neighborhood. It could cause you to acknowledge why you love your family to such an extent. What's more, you won't discover this demeanor in an article that is expounded on your family; that is something that you should center on.</p><p></p><p>Imagining what it resembles to do an examination paper or an exposition is a theme for your school papers that may intrigue you. What's more, all things consider ed, in the event that you do it now, you won't have the option to support yourself and you won't need to.</p><p></p><p>A challenge to think about when thinking about exposition subjects for school is that they typically have to do with a specific time in your life, for example, secondary school, school, or even a transitional period. In case you're experiencing difficulty considering themes for your article, investigate a portion of your past encounters and check whether they can assist you with thinking of thoughts for this.</p><p></p><p>These are only a couple of the exposition points for school that you should seriously think about. Regardless of whether you haven't done it previously, these are only a couple of the things that you should remember as you take a shot at this project.</p>

Introducing College Essay Examples

<h1>Introducing College Essay Examples </h1> <p>If you need to secure an article by means of the web, our gathering of skilled specialists is in a situation to edge. Luckily our group comprises of expert authors which have the ability to make noteworthy substance for you. To verify you will see a total response to each address, we have a help group that is consistently on the web. </p> <h2>Understanding College Essay Examples </h2> <p>Furthermore, the article can be closed by relating the past section to the absolute first passage and rehash a point utilized in the beginning of the paper body. All the data that you should make your paper will be contained in the section or in notes about it. Finding a proposition proclamation can be hard, however it helps in the event that you select a point you feel unequivocally about. You get a see of your article and inquire as to whether fundamental. </p> <p>Any composing task that is given t o you by your educator ought to sum up the information you have during the full method for training. The fundamental is that you have to have an exhaustive comprehension of all what occurred. These sites offer various example papers. As opposed to offering expansive expressions about what you might want to do, give certain models from secondary school or extracurricular interests. </p> <h2> New Ideas Into College Essay Examples Never Before Revealed </h2> <p>The exercises of history aren't probably going to help fathom troublesome sensible issues that the advanced individual could experience consistently. In the event that you've just moved on from school or college and are attempting to get an awesome line of work, you should get an enticing resume to intrigue your future boss. You may likewise be mentioned to depict an individual, an occasion or a method. </p> <p>While, when the expectation behind the paper is to instruct, fabulous school articl e composing should pick a point that emphasis regarding a matter they've considered. In the event that you need to see how to form expositions, you're not the only one. The path to the ideal article is by means of WritePaperFor.Me. You will keep in touch with one of the primary expositions of your life.</p> <p>If you don't discover how to compose a school paper, begin searching for the area where it is conceivable to buy specially designed articles at a reasonable cost. After the capacity of the exposition is to convince, generally excellent school paper composing should pick a subject that intrigue them. Help the school to understand why you're so enthusiastic about that specific major. There are two reasons why universities demand that you form an exposition as a part of your. </p> <p>You likewise shouldn't top the whole area off with an alternate exposition. It will most likely be fundamental to secure a confirmation paper that is awesome. The Common Application article is the most usually utilized by understudies. Composing the school application article can be among the most overwhelming components of applying to school. </p> <h2> Where to Find College Essay Examples </h2> <p>The most much of the time experienced paper composing administration that most of our customers require is article composing. All you will require is to choose a legitimate composing administration with a pool of skilled pros who will complete the undertaking for you by the cutoff time anyway hard your paper is. Accordingly, on the off chance that you don't see how to compose a school exposition, simply address our association and we'll give a valiant effort so as to meet every one of your necessities. Request first rate exposition right now and confirmed p ros will do their absolute best to flexibly you with higher caliber at reasonable price.</p> <h2> The Basics of College Essay Examples </h2> <p>The title of the task will regularly tell you what you need to expound on. Commonly, you won't be approached to go past a few hundred words in the occasion the composing is done in class. Along with the UK Essay Help students can't get stressed over the time yet have a great time a total life. The passage exposition might be a basic worry inside your school livelihood. </p> <p>It would likely not be problematic for some people to make a paper on any quandary alongside in unpleasant quiet submission with some of the clues inside your School. In precisely the same vein, remember that everybody ought to be able to peruse your exposition and have it bode well. Prewriting is the basic initial phase in making a prosperous paper. The subsequent stage of the best approach to create a powerful exposition or any uni que sort of article is proceeding to the postulation explanation. </p>

My Guide To Renting Your First Apartment in College

My Guide To Renting Your First Apartment in College Chances are you wont be taking any course related to renting your first college apartment, so like me, you might be feeling a bit lost and overwhelmed. Where do I start? How do I know how much I can afford? Whos gonna clean this place? Can I even cook? These might all be questions going through your mind right now, but the good news is that its completely normal to feel lost and confused right now. Renting your first college apartment is a completely new experience, after all. But if youre really dedicated to renting your first apartment in college, you cant stay in this state and expect your new apartment to magically appear. So youre finally ready to rent your first ever apartment in college. Whether your reasoning for doing so is to gain more living space, save money, being tired of dorm food, or another reason all together, theres no doubt that renting your first college apartment is exciting! And stressful. I began renting my first apartment in college the beginning of this school year, and its been great so far. I love being able to cook my own food, decide what Im putting into my body, and decorate my space. But there were several learning curves and unexpected situations that me and my roommate felt with before we finally picked a place and even after we moved in. In an attempt to make your apartment renting process a bit smoother, here are all my tips for renting your first college apartment, along with everything that Ive learned about living on your own and renting your own space for the first time. Decide if you are willing to live with a roommate, and if so, how many. Most college students spend at least one year living in a dorm with a roommate. So ask yourself: How was that experience? Did you hate everything about it or find it fun and comforting? If living with a roommate wasnt your cup of tea, be sure to ask yourself why. Maybe you simply didnt like the person you were living with, and if you were sharing a space with someone with a similar living style as you it wouldnt be so bad. This is an important distinction to make, so make sure that you analyze your past roommate experiences carefully and honestly. If you decide that you wouldnt mind living with a roommate, its time to figure out how many people you would be willing to live with. There are pros and cons to having multiple roommates, such as the possibility of getting a cheaper price with more roommates or having less people sharing a bathroom with just one roommate. But regardless, the choice is yours, so be sure to weigh all the pros and cons before you accept someones roommate offer. Figure out what your monthly rent and bills budget will be and what your roommate(s) budget is (if you have a roommate). So youve figured out your roommate situation, and youre ready to begin your apartment search. But how do you know what monthly rent price is too expensive? Before you begin going on apartment tours, you and any roommates you will be living with (make sure to confirm with people to get their official yes or no to be your roommate!) need to calculate what monthly rent price you can afford as well as what your budget for bills such as utilities and groceries will be. I personally utilize my extra scholarship money for all my monthly bills and then money from my paychecks to pay for my groceries, but how you will pay for your bills and rent is entirely up to you and the money you have available. I highly recommend calculating the maximum amount of money you would be able to spend and then searching for apartments whose monthly rent is at least $150-$200 below that maximum. This should leave you enough money to at least pay for your utility bills if you plan on using money from your job t o pay for your groceries. It also ensures that you will always be able to pay your rent! Start searching for apartments EARLY! Now you have figured out your rent budget, and the fun can beginâ€"going on apartment tours! While touring apartments is exciting and all, be sure to stay focused and ask lots of questions. In order to get a good apartment for a good price, I highly recommend starting your apartment search early on in the semester. Apartments intended for college students go quickly, so you want to make sure that you dont put it off until October or November. When youre touring apartments, be sure to ask questions about what utilities are included, any extra fees on top of rent that you would have to pay (and if those fees are separate or included in the overall rent price), pet policies, if there is a laundry facility in-unit or in the building (and if it is free or not), how many months the lease is for, and any other information that is important to you and your roommates. You want to make sure that youll have zero surprises when you move in and when your first bill comes. Decide whos going to buy what and what things you are planning on sharing. If you are going to be living with any roommates, after you choose an apartment to rent and you put down your security deposit, decide who is going to buy what for the apartment and what items everyone is comfortable with sharing. If the apartment is furnished, then you do not need to worry about furniture. But if youre renting an unfurnished apartment, decide who is going to buy which pieces of furniture for the rooms and spaces that everyone will share. Same goes for cooking utensils and cookware. Will everyone buy their own, or will everyone share the same bowls, pots, and pans? Get all of these things settled long before you move in so that everyone is aware of the agreement and so that everyone has plenty of time to buy what they need. Be sure to also discuss whether or not everyone will buy their own groceries, or if youll all go grocery shopping together and share all of the groceries. Some things like flour, sugar, toilet paper, and paper towels are easy things that everyone can take turns buying for the apartment, if you decide that everyone will buy their own groceries. If something goes wrong, dont panic. So youre all moved in and you officially have your first apartment! While renting your first apartment in college is an exciting accomplishment in adulthood, be aware of the learning curves that will come. No one is perfect, and there will be things that happen that you might not know how to handle right away. Dont panic when these things go wrong though. It is important to remember that you are always capable of handling anything that goes wrong, and that these experiences are all a part of the process and journey. Familiarize yourself with your apartments maintenance policies and numbers, and dont forget that it is perfectly okay to ask for help whenever you need it. ?? Taylor Class of 2021 Hey y’all, I’m a History and Gender and Women Studies double major and a French minor from Chicago! I concentrate in all things Black and Black women studies and love long-distance running.

Burlington County College Admissions Essay - A Helpful Guide

<h1>Burlington County College Admissions Essay - A Helpful Guide</h1><p>College affirmations articles are essentially a similar whether you are going to an open or private school and a significant piece of your application to get into your preferred school. This is what you have to think about school affirmations essays:</p><p></p><p>First of each of the, a Burlington County College confirmations paper isn't as simple as it sounds. Actually a school exposition is a multi-step process with a variety of components. It will require something other than words on paper. There are a great deal of little choices to be made and you'll be gauging every one of these elements to ensure you have said all things needed to have an effect on the school that you're applying to.</p><p></p><p>To help you out, the school has given example papers to you to browse. The exposition can be either a free book or a Word document (which means yo u can change the content to coordinate precisely with your own style). The substance will rely on the school that you apply to and the zone that you are applying to.</p><p></p><p>What are the three most significant components in a Burlington County College affirmations paper? How about we take a gander at them.</p><p></p><p>The first thing in a lady's school confirmation paper is her story. You can utilize this component as your own story. It's a basic piece of the school affirmations article. This part will be founded on your own understanding and things that occurred in your life. Attempt to weave an individual involvement with as great of a path as possible.</p><p></p><p>Another significant piece of a Burlington County College confirmations exposition is the theme. It is essential to get your hands filthy in the school affirmations exposition however much as could reasonably be expected. This is the place you put the difficult work that you have placed into concentrating all the data that you have to think about a specific school. Put everything down in writing such that the peruser gets it. You may have a solid contention on one side however need to ensure that you persuade the peruser as well.</p><p></p><p>Finally, a great school confirmations exposition should be energetic. You will need to persuade the peruser that you have some extraordinary encounters throughout your life and are glad for these encounters. Attempt to discover the energy in your article. There is no better method to persuade the peruser than to discover your energy for something.</p>

Research Paper Tips - How to Write a Good Research Paper

Research Paper Tips - How to Write a Good Research PaperHigh school research papers can be very difficult to write and the school environment can make things even more difficult. If you feel as though your research paper is just not turning out right, or you are having trouble getting your point across, you may want to consider making some changes in your approach.You may find that the key to writing a successful research paper is to write it from the perspective of the reader. Your thoughts and feelings about the topic will not be very helpful if you are not able to see them from the reader's perspective. This may sound simple, but it is an essential key to success in researching and writing a research paper.One of the main problems with writing research papers is that the student often reads the material through a filter created by the school, such as when he or she hears someone refers to 'bullshit' or someone makes a statement that he or she disagrees with. This tends to cloud th e mind and may make it difficult to clearly see the issue at hand. To overcome this hurdle, try to imagine what the reader would think if he or she were in your shoes. If you are feeling frustrated or upset about something, this might help to make the best arguments.The other key for writing a good research paper is to be clear and concise in your writing. The next time you write a research paper, try to be as precise as possible. Be sure to give your reader enough information to easily comprehend the issue you are talking about. Use language that will encourage your reader to continue reading.For instance, avoid lengthy research papers that use many sentences or lengthy research papers that use few words in short paragraphs. If you are trying to create a clear argument that covers all the bases, do not overwhelm your reader with information. Do not overwhelm your reader with information if you are not sure of the subject. Write in a way that will get your point across.Another probl em that many high school research papers face is the matter of sources. In writing your research paper, you will have many sources to use, but only one chance to convince your reader. Because you will have so many choices, you may want to write your essay from your own point of view and emphasize the points that are relevant to your area of study. Try to be succinct and focus on your position rather than a discussion of what another student has said.One mistake that students often make when writing a research paper is to provide a paragraph to prove their claims, but leave it blank. Instead, you should provide a source or explain why the source is credible. This may seem like a small thing, but it is very effective in persuading the reader to continue reading.If you think that you cannot stand to read and research a research paper, it may be time to make some changes. There are always opportunities to improve your skills, but you must take advantage of them. Even if you do not feel confident that you can write a high school research paper, or you need to make major revisions to a draft, the process is an important one and the final product should be a worthwhile addition to your educational experience.

Research Paper Topics for Farmers

<h1>Research Paper Topics for Farmers</h1><p>An rural research paper subject permits the examination understudy to engage in a region of study that has an expansive scope of potential outcomes. The field of study isn't constrained to one specific logical field, for example, the investigation of plants or creatures. There are an assortment of research territories in farming that can be concentrated to increase a decent comprehension of the manners in which that nature and man collaborate with one another. An assortment of agribusiness look into papers subjects will permit the understudy to move from one investigation zone to another.</p><p></p><p>Many new yields are being built up every year, and new strategies for cultivating are being created also. The kind of yields that are probably going to be created soon, and those that are created later on are totally different. Rural research paper points permit the understudy to increase an exhaustiv e comprehension of the universe of horticulture, the means that have been taken to discover answers for issues, and to look at patterns that have been evident over time.</p><p></p><p>A wide range of research study subjects have gotten famous lately. There are horticultural research paper points that have been worked around explicit yields or creatures. Different territories of horticulture are investigated through rural research paper subjects that emphasis in transit that agribusiness is directed in various pieces of the world.</p><p></p><p>One of the serious issues confronting the universe of ranchers and the homestead economy is the issue of soil disintegration. The homesteads and farms have experienced a few kinds of upgrades, yet a portion of the strategies that have been executed have not been adequate to furnish the ranchers with the high caliber of soil that they need. This is a difficult that will keep on developing, as the ca pacity to develop food has extended, yet the issues that have caused the disintegration will keep on existing as long as there are individuals who utilize the earth as their wellspring of food.</p><p></p><p>Research paper points for ranchers are very changed, and thus, a great number of these paper subjects are based around the requirements of various kinds of homesteads. A few instances of agrarian research paper themes for ranchers incorporate methods of forestalling soil disintegration, and methods of giving food to those individuals who have been compelled to depend on develop their own nourishments. The sort of yields that are developed in various territories additionally should be given sufficient consideration in investigate study topics.</p><p></p><p>Farming is one of the most significant businesses on the planet today. It is something that numerous individuals rely upon for their work, and there are scarcely any individuals wh o don't rely upon cultivating as their essential wellspring of pay. There are a wide range of territories of agrarian research study subjects that are expected to make horticulture a feasible wellspring of pay. By exploiting these examination paper points, you won't just be improving your own cultivating business, yet you will likewise be assisting with improving the financial states of the individuals who use agribusiness as their essential wellspring of income.</p><p></p><p>The kinds of issues that require agrarian research paper subjects are expansive. They run from explicit issues with respect to the different ways that cultivating is polished, to increasingly broad issues identified with the instruction of things to come ranchers. There are additionally various kinds of horticultural research study themes that are required by the various gatherings that utilization agribusiness as their primary wellspring of pay. There are a few kinds of cultivating that are drilled far and wide, and the requirements of the ranchers must be appropriately addressed.</p>

Biology Extended Essay Topics - Avoiding Common Mistakes

<h1>Biology Extended Essay Topics - Avoiding Common Mistakes</h1><p>Extended papers in Biology regularly include included, specialized and long exposition themes. Composing Biology Extended Essay Topics isn't a simple undertaking and there are no easy routes to the objective of making it simpler. The motivation behind this article is to examine a few things that can help you along your way.</p><p></p><p>Your first decision for composing Biology Extended Essay Topics is to look for help from an accomplished or notable author. In any case, there are numerous journalists who will exhort you against utilizing their administrations since they are under the bogus impression that you are attempting to get them to make a modest showing or they just don't put stock in the work that they produce. On the off chance that that is the situation, at that point they may educate you to look for the administrations with respect to an author who has gained noto riety for composing broadened paper subjects in biology.</p><p></p><p>Since such a significant number of individuals endeavor to compose Biology Extended Essay Topics just because, it is normal for them to wrongly try to cover everything in one long exposition. Remember this is a troublesome point and it takes a great deal of aptitude and persistence to have the option to compose the theme in the manner that you need it to be composed. Along these lines, the subsequent stage is to set a time period for composing the essay.</p><p></p><p>This is one motivation behind why you should set a time period for composing, it's a lot simpler to begin and you won't feel like you need to pack the entirety of your considerations into one little bit of paper. One key to accomplishing the vital time period for composing the exposition is to utilize the last twenty or thirty pages as a time period and afterward start dealing with the paper in that equi valent configuration. This gives you a beginning stage and can assist you with abstaining from racing through the entire thing.</p><p></p><p>This one stage alone can assist you with remaining concentrated and on time. However, how about we talk about different alternatives that are accessible to you to keep you on time. One choice that is generally ignored is the utilization of theory proclamations. Despite the fact that they may not appear to offer a great deal good for your venture, they can serve to control you down the privilege path.</p><p></p><p>Many of us skirt this choice just in light of the fact that it's not all that basic practice and it's an absence of training that frequently gets us in a difficult situation. Postulation articulations are utilized in different zones of the book and they are utilized in Biology Extended Essay Topics specifically. Theory proclamations are regularly utilized in writing and paper ventures to give guidance to the reader.</p><p></p><p>In science, the essential thought of the proposal explanation is just an explanation which clarifies the primary motivation behind the article or the whole undertaking. There are numerous reasons why individuals decide to utilize a proposition articulation in Biology Extended Essay Topics however one of the most widely recognized reasons is on the grounds that they are inexperienced with how to keep in touch with one. If you somehow happened to take a gander at most of the instances of theories that are discovered on the web, you will rapidly observe that there is an unmistakable explanation behind deciding to utilize propositions in Biology Extended Essay Topics.</p><p></p><p>It is imperative to recollect that it isn't just people who need direction with regards to Biology Extended Essay Topics. Creatures have unmistakable needs also and a proposition explanation can be the contrast among prog ress and disappointment with regards to expounding on science expanded paper topics.</p>

Essay Topics For A Subject Like God of Small Things

Essay Topics For A Subject Like God of Small ThingsThe following article is written for students planning to write a one paragraph essay on God of Small Things topic. The article discusses several topics that can be used for this topic.Your assignment for this subject will require some extra consideration in the way of writing skills. You may not be familiar with the Bible or other Biblical texts, nor may you understand the role of religious figures in the lives of Christians. These ideas are some of the areas of study needed to be completed in order to write a well-written essay.As stated earlier, there are many topics that can be used in the creation of your essay, as well as quite a few authors who have provided samples of essays related to these topics. These authors can also be searched through the internet and listed in books. By browsing through these books, you can begin to develop a picture of the author's ideas. Researching these subjects is not as hard as it might sound, a nd you can do it on your own time, or as a group of students.When you are working on a topic related to God of Small Things, it is a good idea to stay focused and write a very strong essay. In addition, you will want to include several interesting ideas and concepts related to the topic. You can add information from several different sources to create a theme for your paper. In this case, the various sources can include the Bible, literature, history, philosophy, science, and so on. It all depends on how much you want to add to the topic.The different types of ideas that can be used to start a paper related to this topic are easy to find, and you can research and write about them by reading books, watching television, or visiting various religious leaders, experts, and priests. Another option is to simply check out current news regarding religious issues. There are many television shows that discuss religion, the Bible, and other related topics on a daily basis. If you are wondering about any current topics concerning religion, you can find information from the news and various media sources.Once you decide on the subjects of your essay, it is time to develop a logical structure for your writings. Use one topic per paragraph, and work to follow a common pattern in writing an essay about God. Again, this is often hard to do, and can be difficult to learn. However, if you work hard at it, you can improve your writing skills considerably.Sometimes when you are writing about a topic, you will not know where to start. In this case, it is a good idea to use several topic lists, such as 'God of Small Things'Christian Ethics.' This gives you a place to start and read and identify ideas.Writing a paper about God of Small Things can be fun. After all, there are many topics to choose from, and it can be quite fun and challenging. In addition, you will also be helping others who are struggling with their own struggles, while learning more about the truth of religion.

Why Your Essay Should Be Persuasive on Obesity

<h1>Why Your Essay Should Be Persuasive on Obesity</h1><p>Do you have the stuff to compose an enticing article on weight? Well in the event that you do, at that point congrats! Be that as it may, I have some guidance for you that will make your objective simpler to reach. You have to comprehend the advantages of composing such an essay.</p><p></p><p>It is a reality that the media, TV and radio are all against heftiness and in a consistent battle to get individuals to shed off pounds. It is significant that they communicate whatever number pieces regarding this matter as could be expected under the circumstances. Also, numerous individuals become weary of hearing similar contentions more than once, so an additionally intriguing piece is the thing that they are searching for. In the event that you can create a convincing article on weight, at that point you have a favorable position over your rivals. In the event that you can concoct thoughts f or a few fascinating articles regarding the matter at that point individuals are unquestionably bound to concur with you and get educated.</p><p></p><p>What's generally significant about your enticing exposition on corpulence is that it gives a motivation behind why individuals ought to get taught about this subject. This is on the grounds that it gives a convincing story and includes a ton of individual realities and contentions to help your contention. A convincing paper on corpulence that has a few sections will be unquestionably bound to influence a peruser's opinion.</p><p></p><p>An extra advantage of composing a powerful exposition on heftiness is that it makes you increasingly enticing as an essayist. Writing in a drawing in way and engaging their feelings is a decent method to acquire regard from others. This is a type of enthusiastic influence and you will have the option to utilize this for quite a long time to come.</p> ;<p></p><p>You need to comprehend that each one of the individuals who are keen on weight reduction will be keen on perusing the article that you compose. In this way, so as to adequately use your paper you should give them that you are one who comprehends their quandary. Recollect that in the domain of feelings, the speaker is the person who is bound to pick up the trust of the listener.</p><p></p><p>Finally, recall this is an individual fight and not only a fight against weight reduction. It is a fight against the cultural shame against hefty people.</p><p></p><p>So, the goal of an influential article on heftiness is to cause your peruser to feel better about themselves and to give them the ammo to roll out an improvement. It isn't about 'fat disgracing'. It is tied in with changing hearts and minds.</p><p></p><p>In determination, composing an enticing article on weight can be a fun and remun erating experience. Recollect that you have a preferred position over your rivals since you can persuade individuals through your words and by causing them to feel better about themselves.</p>

<h1>Topics to Argument in an Interpretation Essay</h1><p>To compose a convincing understanding article, ensure that you acquaint yourself with specific themes to contend in a translation paper. The subject of the exposition must be chosen from among the points that are generally intriguing and suitable for an understudy's capacities and interests. The paper will most likely be fruitful on the off chance that it merits perusing and on the off chance that it can persuade the peruser of the writer's place of view.</p><p></p><p>Facts: Facts must be checked by different realities that the author presents. The fact of the matter isn't something that can be questioned. For instance, the way that 6,000,000 individuals have kicked the bucket of AIDS is valid and can't be questioned. In any case, there are numerous dubious issues on the malady's circumstances and end results and the quantity of casualties ought to be deciphered cautiously.</p>< ;p></p><p>Language: The utilization of legitimate expression, use, and language that is reasonable to the crowd is a significant component of consistent translations. This is particularly evident when understudies are composing expositions. Translators and essayists who are familiar with English should plan to be acquainted with the entirety of the English language and should realize how to include appropriate citations.</p><p></p><p>Arguments: These contentions ought to be bolstered by proof and evidences. The contentions introduced in the translation exposition ought sound great as well as ought to likewise persuade the peruser that the contention is to be sure legitimate. An invalid contention that has no supporting contentions isn't a compelling instrument in an understanding essay.</p><p></p><p>Laying Out the Text: Laying out the content appropriately is essential to accomplish the ideal impact. At the point when th e wording of the article is done cautiously, it will show up as though the paper was composed by an expert. Inadequately spread out papers don't appear to be proficient and the peruser will question the legitimacy of the translation. The peruser can be effectively driven away from the first exposition if the author doesn't spread out the paper properly.</p><p></p><p>Language Problems: Students may run over a language issue when they are composing an understanding article. Understudies should attempt to observe the issues that they experience so they can address them before they present the task. A mistake is never a little thing and ought to be rectified right away. The mistake might be a syntactic blunder or it might simply be a grammatical error that was disregarded by the writer.</p><p></p><p>Formatting the Text: The conclusive outcome relies upon the genuine state of the content. The style and shows of the task ought to be applied reliably all through the composition. What's more, the composed structure ought not make a specific area read awkwardly.</p><p></p><p>These are only a portion of the themes to contend in an understanding exposition. There are likewise others that might be remembered for the theme rundown of the assignment.</p>

Writing a Speech

Writing a SpeechA speech is a means of presenting ideas to the audience. It is therefore essential that the speech or any other form of speech is delivered in such a way that it becomes effective and memorable. Writing a speech may be an activity for a lot of individuals, but there are many individuals who think writing a speech is as easy as it sounds.However, it is always best that the presenter or speaker knows all the good points and does not miss the chance to emphasize the best points. Some people even overlook the fact that the purpose of writing a speech is to gain positive response and not to make a big mess of the audience.The most important aspect is the flow of the speech or any other form of speech. The writer needs to be aware of the type of presentation he/she is going to make. An experienced writer can effortlessly transform his or her writing into an impactful speech. The writer needs to ensure that he or she not only describes the speaker but also what the speaker i s saying.The first step in effective writing a speech is to analyze the speech very well. It is necessary that the speaker gives the speech in a way that the reader feels that he/she has been involved in the story. The sentences must also have a smooth flow which makes the reader listen attentively to the speech.The speech should also be able to draw the attention of the listeners and make them feel that they have something interesting to listen to. The reader will keep the speech with him/her for a long time and will definitely be interested in what the speaker says.The next thing that needs to be kept in mind while writing a speech is that the speaker must avoid mentioning words and phrases that will give out the idea that the speaker is promoting. The speech writer should ensure that the audience understand the points that the speaker is trying to convey.The audience needs to be made aware that there are no wrong points. By using proper vocabulary and correct grammar the speech w riter should make sure that the reader will get what the speaker is trying to convey.By making use of the right kind of diction the speaker will be able to effectively convey his or her message to the audience. The writer is also advised to keep the speaker's emotions in mind while writing a speech. Keeping in mind this point the speech writer will be able to come up with a speech that getting the right response from the audience.

Tips For Buying a College Paper

<h1>Tips For Buying a College Paper</h1><p>The initial step to an effective online business is to purchase a school paper. The greater part of the school news organizations are selling papers on the web, so in the event that you are as yet going to buy them, at that point it is in every case best to buy your paper from an online source.</p><p></p><p>The second most significant advance is to peruse each school paper that you buy. Despite the fact that you may not think about the game area or what sort of food was served at the gathering that you went to the prior night, you would like to find out about your understudy life. Numerous individuals commit the error of just perusing their paper and disregarding the school papers that are purchased by their friends.</p><p></p><p>One thing you ought to never do is to overlook the school paper since you don't concur with what is said in the paper. Your emotions and sentiments o ught to be heard by those in control, particularly in the event that you can impact the school to alter their perspective on something that they are doing. You ought to consistently attempt to be the voice of the understudies, and not the school organization. Obviously, you can generally decide to take the side of the school organization due to how much power you have.</p><p></p><p>You don't need to concur with everything that the leader of the college says, yet you ought to consistently endeavor to comprehend the explanations for the choices that they make. On the off chance that you feel that they are accomplishing something awful for the understudies, you ought to shout out with the goal that you can get that change for the better.</p><p></p><p>However, on the off chance that you are not in a situation to impact the's school, at that point you should compose an article and persuade the school that they should change their course. It will take some work, however the difficult work will pay off.</p><p></p><p>Once you have persuaded the leader of the school that the course they are instructing isn't right, at that point you should purchase the paper and hold it up before the class. Most understudies have just taken the initial hardly any long stretches of their school course, so the initial not many weeks are the main ones that they will remember.</p><p></p><p>Since the school paper that you decided to purchase is an amazing asset, you ought to consistently be keen on what is written in the paper, regardless of what your feeling is regarding the matter. The school paper is significant for some reasons, yet you ought to consistently attempt to make sense of the explanations for the course the school is instructing. All things considered, on the off chance that you feel like they are showing excessively, at that point you can generally tell the organization how signif icant it is for the school to keep the courses as intriguing as possible.</p><p></p><p>When you are purchasing a school paper, you ought to consistently go with the one that you feel good buying. You ought to never purchase a school paper without feeling great, since this will prompt burning through cash and time. Attempt to go with the one that has a decent notoriety with different understudies, and on the off chance that there is something on their paper that irritates you, at that point you should tell the editors so they can change it.</p>

Comparing hypermarket and traditional wet market consumers perception - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5993 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4.0 Introduction This study was conducted in two different store formats, which are hypermarket and traditional wet market respectively. Totally 200 questionnaires were distributed and collected, each market has 100 questionnaires respectively. First of all, the general data such as respondents profiles, trip patterns and transaction patterns were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. This approach generates frequency and percentage of the respondents characteristics and presents the basic data and information. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Comparing hypermarket and traditional wet market consumers perception" essay for you Create order Secondly, reliability of the respondents perception on store image will be tested to examine whether if the data reliable or not. The level of reliability, which is so called Cronbachs alpha, the alpha value should not lower than 0.70 to obtain the consistent result. After that, independent t-test will be used to examine the level of significant on store attributes between different store formats. Moreover, we will also test the correlation between store formats and the demographic characteristics, trip patterns and transaction patterns. The differences of mean will be calculated, and 95% of confidence intervals were taken in this study. Significant probability was 0.05. It means if the result lower or equal to 0.05, it indicates statistically significantly different. 4.1Descriptive Analysis 4.1.1Respondents Profile 4.1.1.1Gender Sex Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Male 46 46.0 34 34.0 Female 54 54.0 66 66.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.1: Gender Figure 4.1: Gender At both different store formats, we can find that there is more female shop at markets than male does. Gender distribution of respondents at hypermarket was much more balanced than gender distribution of respondents at traditional wet market, which are 46% for male and 54% for female at hypermarket, while traditional wet market was 1/3 of respondents are male and 2/3 of respondents are female. 4.1.1.2Age Age Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent 25 and below 35 35.0 28 28.0 26-35 34 34.0 19 19.0 36-45 16 16.0 14 14.0 46-55 12 12.0 23 23.0 56 and above 3 3.0 16 16.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.2: Age Figure 4.2: Age The data collection of this study showed that respondents at hypermarket and traditional wet market with the age of 25 years old and below are the highest, which are 35% and 28% respectively, compare with the ages which are between 26-35 years old (34% and 19%), 36-45 years old (16% and 14%), 46-55 years old (12% and 23%), and 56 years old and above (3% and 16%). One phenomenon can be found in this data is the number of respondents of traditional wet market with the age which are between 46-55 years old and 56 years old and above, are much higher than the respondents of hypermarket with the same range of age. The total percentage for this range of age (46-55 years old and 56 years old and above), for traditional wet market is 39%, while for hypermarket is only 15%. We can conclude that the respondents of traditional wet market are older than the respondent of hypermarket. 4.1.1.3 Ethnic Ethnic Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Malay 33 33.0 14 14.0 Chinese 55 55.0 74 74.0 Indian 9 9.0 11 11.0 Others 3 3.0 1 1.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.3: Ethnic RUL 573- RESEARCH PROJECT IN PLANNING CHAPTER 4: Store Image: Comparing Hypermarket and Traditional Wet Market Consumers Perception. Case Study: Bayan Baru, Penang. Figure 4.3: Ethnic In this study, Chinese has the highest number of people (55% from hypermarket, 74% from traditional wet market) following to Malay (33% from hypermarket, 14% from traditional wet market), Indian (9% from hypermarket, 11% from traditional wet market) and the others (3% from hypermarket, 1% from traditional wet market). The biggest different of these store formats is Chinese respondent has higher portion at traditional wet market compare to hypermarket, which are of all respondents of traditional wet market compare to of all respondents of hypermarket. While the figure of Malay showed that Malay tends to shop at hypermarket instead of going to traditional wet market, the number of Malay shops at hypermarket is twice compare to number of Malay shops at traditional wet market. 4.1.1.4 Marital Status Marital Status Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Single 58 58.0 42 42.0 Married 42 42.0 58 58.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.4: Marital Status RUL 573- RESEARCH PROJECT IN PLANNING CHAPTER 4: Store Image: Comparing Hypermarket and Traditional Wet Market Consumers Perception. Case Study: Bayan Baru, Penang. Figure 4.4: Marital Status 40 RUL 573- RESEARCH PROJECT IN PLANNING CHAPTER 4: Store Image: Comparing Hypermarket and Traditional Wet Market Consumers Perception. Case Study: Bayan Baru, Penang. Base on the data that obtained, the respondents of hypermarket who are married (42%) are fewer than those who are single (58%). While respondents from of traditional wet market have the different situation, the result was totally inversed of hypermarket, that is 58% of the respondents are married, and the others 42% are single. This result indicates respondents of this study who are married tend to shop at traditional wet market and respondents who are single prefer to shop at hypermarket. 4.1.1.5 Education Level Education Level Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent College/ University 74 74.0 50 50.0 Secondary School 19 19.0 34 34.0 Primary School 2 2.0 13 13.0 No Formal Education 4 4.0 3 3.0 Others 1 1.0 1 1.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.5: Education Level Figure 4.5: Education Level The respondents from both store formats also have highest number of people (74% of hypermarket and 50% of wet market) who had at least tertiary education, which indicates college or university. This is because of more than 1/3 of respondents from hypermarket and 1/4 of respondents from traditional wet market who are younger generation, which is in the category of 25 years old and below as shown in Chapter 4.1.1.2. The overall result showed that the respondents of traditional wet market have slightly lower education level compare to those respondents of hypermarket. Half of the respondents of traditional wet market have not ever pursued tertiary education, the number is twice compare to those respondents of hypermarket who had only secondary education, primary education, and no formal education. 4.1.1.6 Occupation Occupation Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Waged Worker 25 25.0 32 32.0 Government Employee 18 18.0 5 5.0 Entrepreneur 7 7.0 5 5.0 Housewife 8 8.0 26 26.0 Student 39 39.0 23 23.0 Retired Unemployed 3 0 3.0 0.0 7 2 7.0 2.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.6: Occupation Figure 4.6: Occupation In the previous data showed that the respondents who are younger generation (25 years old and below) and have at least tertiary education level had a large portion of entire respondents. In this section, it showed that most of the respondents of hypermarket are student (39%), following by waged worker (25%), government employee (18%), housewife (8%), entrepreneur (7%), retired (3%). While at traditional wet market, most of the respondents are worked as waged worker (32%), following by housewife (26%), student (23%), retired (7%), government employee (5%), entrepreneur (5%) and unemployed (2%). This data also showed that housewife prefers to shop at traditional wet market (25%) instead of shop at hypermarket (8%). 4.1.1.7 Household Size Household Member Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 Total 7 5 6 28 27 14 7 6 0 0 0 100 7.0 5.0 6.0 28.0 27.0 14.0 7.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 1 6 15 22 28 11 11 3 1 1 1 100 1.0 6.0 15.0 22.0 28.0 11.0 11.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 100.0 Table 4.7: Household Size Figure 4.7: Household Size The mode number of household size for respondents of hypermarket and traditional wet market are 4 and 5 respectively. The data showed that 28% and 27% of respondents of hypermarket have household size of 4 and 5. On the other hand, 22% and 28% of respondents of traditional wet market have household size of 4 and 5. These indicate more than half of the respondents who have household size of 4 or 5. From the figure above, we can see that the household size of traditional wet market respondent is slightly bigger than household size of hypermarket respondents. From the calculation, the mean household size of traditional wet market respondents are 4.87, and respondents of hypermarket are 4.63. 4.1.1.8Household Monthly Income Household Monthly Income Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent RM1500 and below 23 23.0 22 22.0 RM1501-2500 17 17.0 21 21.0 RM2501-3500 23 23.0 24 24.0 RM3501-4500 23 23.0 13 13.0 RM4501 and above 14 14.0 20 20.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.8: Household Monthly Income Figure 4.8: Household Monthly Income From these 200 respondents, there is no big difference of household monthly income between two different store formats. For respondent of hypermarket, the categories of RM1500 and below, RM2501-3500, and RM3501-4500 also showed 23% respectively, followed by RM1501-2500 (17%), RM4501and above (14%). On the other hand, the mode number of household monthly income for respondents of traditional wet market is RM2501-3500, followed by RM1500 and below (22%), RM1501-2500 (21%), RM4501 and above (20%), RM3501-4500 (13%). Overall there is not a very significant different between the groups and the categories. 4.1.2 Trip Patterns 4.1.2.1 Travelling Time from Home to Markets Travelling Time Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent 15 minutes and less 48 48.0 53 53.0 16-30 minutes 34 34.0 28 28.0 31-60 minutes 16 16.0 17 17.0 1 hour and more 2 2.0 2 2.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.9: Travelling Time Figure 4.9: Travelling Time Majority of the respondents travel from home to the markets were just within 15 minutes and this was showed by 48% respondents of hypermarket and 53% of traditional wet market. This indicates half of the respondents came from adjacent area. While 34% respondents of hypermarket and 28% respondents of traditional wet market have travelling time between 16-30 minutes. Travelling time between 31-60 minutes, 16% and 17% fell to respondents of hypermarket and respondents if traditional wet market respectively. The category of 1 hour and more is only chosen by 2% of respondents of hypermarket and traditional wet market respectively. From the data we can conclude that people prefer to travel from home to market in shorter time. 4.1.2.2 Transportation Mode Transportation Mode Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Walk 15 15.0 23 23.0 Bicycle 4 4.0 3 3.0 Bus 5 5.0 6 6.0 Motorcycle 8 8.0 23 23.0 Car Taxi Others 68 0 0 68.0 0.0 0.0 45 0 0 45.0 0.0 0.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.10: Transportation Mode Figure 4.10: Transportation Mode Majority of the respondents prefer going to the markets by car, the data showed that 68% of hypermarket respondents and 45% of traditional wet market respondents go to the markets by car. Another transportation mode that is chosen by respondents is walking (15% of hypermarket respondents and 23% of traditional wet market respondents), as well as motorcycle (8% of hypermarket respondents and 23% traditional wet market respondents). A few people chose bus (5% of hypermarket respondents and 6% of traditional wet market respondents) and bicycle (4% of hypermarket respondents and 3% of traditional wet market respondents). Taxi and the others transportation mode have none of respondent chose such mode of transportation. Although majority of the respondents have the shortest travelling time from home to market as showed at Chapter 4.1.2.1, but most of them still prefer to drive to the market. 4.1.3Transaction Patterns 4.1.3.1 Frequency of Visiting Frequency of Visiting Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Less than once a week 27 27.0 21 21.0 Once a week 36 36.0 40 40.0 Twice weekly 21 21.0 11 11.0 Thrice weekly 12 12.0 10 10.0 4 times or more weekly 4 4.0 18 18.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.11: Frequency of Visiting Figure 4.11: Frequency of Visiting Majority of the respondents visiting markets once a week, 36% of hypermarket respondents and 40% traditional wet market respondents chose this category. While 27% of hypermarket respondents and 21% of traditional wet market respondents chose to visit the market less than once a week. Less than half of the respondents visit the market twice or more than twice weekly. From the data obtained, 21% of hypermarket respondents and 11% of traditional wet market respondents visit the market twice weekly, 12% of hypermarket respondents and 10% of traditional wet market respondents visit the market thrice weekly, and 4% of hypermarket respondents and 18% of traditional wet market respondents visit 4 times and more weekly. The respondents who visit the markets 4 times and above weekly are 4.5 times more than those hypermarket respondents do. 4.1.3.2 Visiting Markets with Whom Visiting Markets with whom Hypermarket Traditional Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Alone 17 17.0 36 36.0 Family/ Relatives 47 47.0 52 52.0 Friends/ Neighbours/ Colleagues Others 36 0 36.0 0.0 12 0 12.0 0.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.12: Visiting Markets with Whom Figure 4.12: Visiting Markets with Whom Almost half of the respondents prefer to visit the markets with their family member or relatives, this occupied 47% of hypermarket respondents and 52% of traditional wet market respondents. While the respondents who chose to visit markets with friends/ neighbors/ colleagues or alone, there is a significant different between hypermarket and traditional wet market. 36% of respondents of hypermarket prefer to go to the markets with their friends/ neighbors/ colleagues instead of go by alone, which has only 17% of the respondents chose that. On the other hand, traditional wet market is different. 36% of the respondents chose to go alone instead of go with friends/ neighbors/ colleagues, which only has 12%. None of them chose to visit the markets with the people who have other relationships. 4.1.3.Time Spent Time Spent Hypermarket Wet Market Frequency Percent Frequency Percent 30 minutes and less 12 12.0 18 18.0 30-60 minutes 32 32.0 49 49.0 1-2 hours 41 41.0 28 28.0 2 hours and more 15 15.0 5 5.0 Total 100 100.0 100 100.0 Table 4.13: Time Spent Figure 4.13: Time Spent From the data that obtained, majority of the traditional wet market respondent spent 30-60 minutes in the market, which occupied 49% of the traditional wet market respondent, followed by 1-2 hours (28%), 30 minutes and less (18%), and 2 hours and more (5%). While hypermarket respondents prefer to spent longer time in the market. 41% of hypermarket respondents spent 1-2 hours, followed by 30-60 minutes (32%), 2 hours and more (15%), 30 minutes and less (12%). For overall, 2/3 of traditional wet market respondents tends to spend shorter time compare to only 44% of hypermarket respondents spent less than 1 hour. 4.2Reliability Analysis Data of consumer perception have been collected in the approach of Likert scale, reliability of the data should be tested. Gatewood and Field (1990) said that reliability is the ability of the instrument in providing the consistent results when it is repeated used. Cronbachs alpha is the basic measurement for reliability and an alpha value of 0.7 is sufficient (Nunnally, 1978). All the store attributes will be tested in terms of the store attributes those contribute as the reasons of consumers to choose a retail store and also the importance level that respondents have given to the store attributes. 4.2.1Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to Shop Following are the store attributes as the reasons for consumer to shop: Attribute 1 : Appropriate opening hours Attribute 2 : Near to place of residence Attribute 3 : Product quality Attribute 4 : Product variety Attribute 5 : Reasonable price Attribute 6 : Speed of purchase Attribute 7 : Satisfactorily service Attribute 8 : Spacious interior space Attribute 9 : Not crowded Attribute 10 : Clean and comfortable Attribute 11 : Good public transport available Attribute 12 : Car parking facilities Attribute 13 : Easiness on finding the product Attribute 14 : Habit Attribute 15 : Trust in vendor 4.2.1.1 Hypermarket Table 4.14: Reliability Statistics (Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to Shop at Hypermarket) Cronbachs Alpha Cronbachs Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .865 .867 15 Table 4.15: Item-Total Statistics(Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to ShopAt Hypermarket) Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Squared Multiple Correlation Cronbachs Alpha if Item Deleted Attribute 1 51.6100 60.947 .400 .495 .862 Attribute 2 51.7100 59.481 .489 .516 .858 Attribute 3 51.8700 59.124 .559 .570 .854 Attribute 4 51.5800 58.367 .583 .569 .853 Attribute 5 51.7700 60.522 .492 .470 .858 Attribute 6 51.9300 58.773 .565 .497 .854 Attribute 7 52.0200 58.666 .626 .532 .852 Attribute 8 51.9000 60.131 .446 .423 .860 Attribute 9 52.0400 58.786 .550 .604 .855 Attribute 10 51.7500 56.997 .679 .611 .848 Attribute 11 52.6300 64.397 .136 .379 .875 Attribute 12 51.7900 56.895 .563 .492 .854 Attribute 13 51.7700 57.027 .688 .612 .848 Attribute 14 52.2500 60.048 .403 .352 .863 Attribute 15 52.3400 59.075 .496 .544 .857 According to Table 4.14, Cronbachs alpha ( = 0.865), this indicates the data was reliable. As shown in Table 4.15, all the items has a less Cronbachs alpha than the calculated scale alpha ( = 0.865), except Attribute 11 (good transportation available), which has a higher alpha ( = 0.875), this means the item in the scale suppresses the alpha level. But for overall, the reasons to shop at hypermarket scale seem to be reliable measure of consumer perception. 4.2.1.2Traditional Wet Market Table 4.16: Reliability Statistics (Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to ShopAt Traditional Wet Market) Cronbachs Alpha Cronbachs Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .769 .775 15 Table 4.17: Item-Total Statistics (Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to Shop At Traditional Wet Market) Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Squared Multiple Correlation Cronbachs Alpha if Item Deleted Attribute 1 49.9300 46.914 .295 .358 .762 Attribute 2 49.7400 47.164 .210 .339 .771 Attribute 3 49.5700 46.712 .357 .467 .758 Attribute 4 49.6300 45.589 .386 .493 .755 Attribute 5 49.4900 45.343 .398 .483 .754 Attribute 6 50.0400 44.463 .475 .497 .748 Attribute 7 49.8800 45.117 .468 .468 .749 Attribute 8 50.7000 42.859 .537 .701 .741 Attribute 9 50.7200 42.709 .530 .743 .741 Attribute 10 50.7600 42.002 .521 .697 .741 Attribute 11 51.0700 45.197 .260 .500 .770 Attribute 12 50.7700 44.341 .353 .471 .759 Attribute 13 49.7400 46.720 .335 .441 .759 Attribute 14 49.7100 48.168 .149 .423 .775 Attribute 15 49.7700 45.553 .366 .508 .757 According to Table 4.16, Cronbachs alpha ( = 0.769), this indicates the reliability of the data is sufficient. As shown in Table 4.17, three of the items has a higher Cronbachs alpha than the calculated scale alpha ( = 0.769), which are Attribute 2 (near to place of residence), Attribute 11 (good transportation available) and Attribute 14 (habit), which have a higher alpha of ( = 0.771), ( = 0.770) and ( = 0.775) this means the items in the scale suppresses the alpha level, consumers may not take the attributes as their priority reasons to shop at traditional wet market. But for overall, the store attributes as the reason to shop at hypermarket scale seem to be reliable measure of consumer perception. 4.2.2Importance Level of Store Attributes Importance levels were given by respondents to the following store attributes: Attribute 1 : Appropriate opening hours Attribute 2 : Near to place of residence Attribute 3 : Product quality Attribute 4 : Product variety Attribute 5 : Reasonable price Attribute 6 : Speed of purchase Attribute 7 : Satisfactorily service Attribute 8 : Spacious interior space Attribute 9 : Not crowded Attribute 10 : Clean and comfortable Attribute 11 : Good public transport available Attribute 12 : Car parking facilities Attribute 13 : Easiness on finding the product 4.2.2.1Hypermarket Table 4.18: Reliability Statistics (Importance Level of Store Attributes at Hypermarket) Cronbachs Alpha Cronbachs Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .906 .907 13 Table 4.19: Item-Total Statistics (Importance Level of Store Attributes at Hypermarket) Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Squared Multiple Correlation Cronbachs Alpha if Item Deleted Attribute 1 49.5200 46.151 .652 .548 .897 Attribute 2 49.2300 46.724 .704 .602 .895 Attribute 3 49.1700 48.365 .655 .729 .897 Attribute 4 49.1100 48.079 .646 .631 .898 Attribute 5 49.0300 50.009 .516 .536 .903 Attribute 6 49.5400 47.887 .639 .456 .898 Attribute 7 49.3100 47.044 .654 .463 .897 Attribute 8 49.6600 45.701 .666 .637 .897 Attribute 9 49.6500 46.290 .655 .606 .897 Attribute 10 49.2300 48.623 .631 .504 .898 Attribute 11 49.8900 49.250 .455 .392 .906 Attribute 12 49.3400 48.489 .532 .468 .902 Attribute 13 49.3200 47.048 .668 .535 .896 Table 4.18 showed that Cronbachs alpha ( = 0.906), this indicates the data have a high level of reliability. According to Table 4.19, all the items of importance level of store attributes at hypermarket scale have a less Cronbachs alpha than the calculated scale alpha ( = 0.906), which means that no single item had suppressed the alpha level. Thus, importance level of store attributes at hypermarket scale seems to be reliable measure of consumer perception. 4.2.2.2Traditional Wet Market Table 4.20: Reliability Statistics (Importance Level of Store Attributes at Traditional Wet Market) Cronbachs Alpha Cronbachs Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .874 .880 13 Table 4.21: Item-Total Statistics (Importance Level of Store Attributes at Traditional Wet Market) Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total Correlation Squared Multiple Correlation Cronbachs Alpha if Item Deleted Attribute 1 49.9600 38.705 .626 .497 .861 Attribute 2 49.8400 39.307 .514 .505 .867 Attribute 3 49.6000 40.040 .587 .616 .864 Attribute 4 49.6300 39.488 .622 .702 .862 Attribute 5 49.5500 40.654 .599 .559 .864 Attribute 6 49.9500 37.987 .642 .534 .859 Attribute 7 49.8500 40.432 .509 .395 .867 Attribute 8 50.2700 37.876 .627 .669 .860 Attribute 9 50.3800 37.672 .622 .772 .860 Attribute 10 50.1900 38.196 .590 .580 .862 Attribute 11 50.8200 40.412 .347 .310 .878 Attribute 12 50.1500 39.947 .424 .313 .872 Attribute 13 49.7300 39.815 .548 .524 .865 Table 4.20 showed that Cronbachs alpha ( = 0.874), this indicates the data have a high level of reliability. According to Table 4.21, all the items of importance level of store attributes at traditional wet market scale have a less Cronbachs alpha than the calculated scale alpha ( = 0.874), except Attribute 11 (good public transport available) with alpha ( = 0.878), which means that is the single item had suppressed the alpha level. Consumers of traditional wet market may not feel this store attribute was important. But for overall, importance level of store attributes at traditional wet market to be reliable measure of consumer perception. 4.3Independent T-Test Analysis T-tests conducted to examine differences of respondents profile, trip patterns transaction patterns, store attributes as the reason for consumer to shop and importance level of store attributes of hypermarket and traditional wet market. 4.3.1Respondents Profile, Trip Patterns and Transaction Patterns of Different Store Formats Table 4.22: Group Statistics (Respondents profile, trip patterns and transaction patterns of different store formats) Place N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Gender Hypermarket 100 1.54 .501 .050 Wet Market 100 1.66 .476 .048 Age Hypermarket 100 2.14 1.119 .112 Wet Market 100 2.80 1.470 .147 Ethnic Hypermarket 100 1.82 .716 .072 Wet Market 100 1.99 .541 .054 Marital Status Hypermarket 100 1.42 .496 .050 Wet Market 100 1.58 .496 .050 Education Level Hypermarket 100 1.39 .803 .080 Wet Market 100 1.69 .813 .081 Occupation Hypermarket 100 3.27 1.746 .175 Wet Market 100 3.32 1.842 .184 Household Size Hypermarket 100 4.63 1.715 .172 Wet Market 100 4.87 1.942 .194 Household Income Hypermarket 100 2.88 1.373 .137 Wet Market 100 2.88 1.423 .142 Travelling Time Hypermarket 100 1.72 .805 .081 Wet Market 100 1.68 .827 .083 Transportation Mode Hypermarket 100 4.10 1.501 .150 Wet Market 100 3.64 1.611 .161 Frequency Hypermarket 100 2.30 1.115 .111 Wet Market 100 2.64 1.396 .140 With Whom Hypermarket 100 2.19 .706 .071 Wet Market 100 1.76 .653 .065 Time Spent Hypermarket 100 2.59 .889 .089 Wet Market 100 2.20 .791 .079 Table 4.23: Independent Samples Test (Respondents profile, trip patterns and transaction patterns of different store formats) Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper Gender Equal variances assumed 9.284 .003 -1.736 198 .084 -.120 .069 -.256 .016 Equal variances not assumed -1.736 197.491 .084 -.120 .069 -.256 .016 Age Equal variances assumed 20.161 .000 -3.572 198 .000 -.660 .185 -1.024 -.296 Equal variances not assumed -3.572 184.905 .000 -.660 .185 -1.025 -.295 Ethnic Equal variances assumed 16.130 .000 -1.894 198 .060 -.170 .090 -.347 .007 Equal variances not assumed -1.894 184.269 .060 -.170 .090 -.347 .007 Marital Status Equal variances assumed .000 1.000 -2.281 198 .024 -.160 .070 -.298 -.022 Equal variances not assumed -2.281 198.000 .024 -.160 .070 -.298 -.022 Education Level Equal variances assumed 2.610 .108 -2.626 198 .009 -.300 .114 -.525 -.075 Equal variances not assumed -2.626 197.970 .009 -.300 .114 -.525 -.075 Occupation Equal variances assumed .035 .852 -.197 198 .844 -.050 .254 -.550 .450 Equal variances not assumed -.197 197.437 .844 -.050 .254 -.550 .450 Household Size Equal variances assumed .069 .793 -.926 198 .355 -.240 .259 -.751 .271 Equal variances not assumed -.926 195.031 .355 -.240 .259 -.751 .271 Household Income Equal variances assumed .098 .754 .000 198 1.000 .000 .198 -.390 .390 Equal variances not assumed .000 197.741 1.000 .000 .198 -.390 .390 Travelling Time Equal variances assumed .269 .604 .347 198 .729 .040 .115 -.188 .268 Equal variances not assumed .347 197.853 .729 .040 .115 -.188 .268 Transportation Mode Equal variances assumed 1.980 .161 2.089 198 .038 .460 .220 .026 .894 Equal variances not assumed 2.089 197.009 .038 .460 .220 .026 .894 Frequency Equal variances assumed 9.041 .003 -1.903 198 .058 -.340 .179 -.692 .012 Equal variances not assumed -1.903 188.731 .059 -.340 .179 -.692 .012 With Whom Equal variances assumed .464 .497 4.470 198 .000 .430 .096 .240 .620 Equal variances not assumed 4.470 196.802 .000 .430 .096 .240 .620 Time Spent Equal variances assumed 3.953 .048 3.277 198 .001 .390 .119 .155 .625 Equal variances not assumed 3.277 195.394 .001 .390 .119 .155 .625 Levenes test is the approach to test if the two condition Means have a statistically different. In this study, if the Sig (2-Tailed) value is less than or equal to 0.05, we can conclude that there is a statistically significant difference between two conditions (hypermarket and traditional wet market). The initial part we need to test is whether if the different store formats will affect the socio-demographic of the respondents and their trip patterns and transaction pattern as well. From the result of the test, we get those 6 out of 13 items have the Sig. (2-Tailed) value less than or equal to 0.05, which are age, marital status, education level, transportation mode, visit the markets with whom and the time spent in market. Respondents age has significant different between hypermarket and traditional wet market, it has a record of t (df = 198) = -3.572, p.05 and the Means for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=2.14) and (M=2.80). It means that consumers at hypermarket have significant younger than consumers at traditional wet market. Another significant difference between the groups is the marital status of the respondents, it has a result of t (df = 198) = -2.281, p.05 and the Means are (M=1.42) and (M=1.58). It means that respondents of traditional wet market who are married have a greater number compare to the respondents of hypermarket. Education level of the respondents also showed significant different between the store formats, the result for Levenes test is t (df = 198) = -2.626, p.05, the Means are respectively (M=1.39) and (M=1.69). We can conclude that respondents of hypermarket have a higher education level compare the respondent of traditional wet market. While the store formats will affect the transportation mode as well, the result for transportation mode is t (df = 198) = 2.089, p.05, Means are (M=4.10) and (M=3.64). Refer to the primary analysis, we can judge that majority of hypermarket respondent choose car as their transportation mode, while traditional wet market respondents tend to choose car, walk and motorcycle. On the other hand, the people who accompany respondents to shop also showed significant difference. The result is t (df = 198) = 4.470, p.05, Means for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=2.19) and (M=1.76). Refer to the primary analysis, we can conclude that hypermarket respondents tend to shop with their family/ relatives and friends/ neighbors/ colleagues, while traditional wet market respondents prefer to shop with the family/ relatives or alone. Last but not least, time spent in store also showed significant difference. The result is t (df = 198) = 3.277, p.05, Means are (M=2.59) and (M=2.20). It showed that hypermarket respondents prefer to spent longer time compare to traditional wet market respondents. The conclusion is the store formats have impact to some variables of socio-demographic of respondents, their trip patterns and transaction pattern. Each store may have a different target market. 4.3.2Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to Shop at Different Store Formats Following are the store attributes as the reasons for consumer to shop: Attribute 1 : Appropriate opening hours Attribute 2 : Near to place of residence Attribute 3 : Product quality Attribute 4 : Product variety Attribute 5 : Reasonable price Attribute 6 : Speed of purchase Attribute 7 : Satisfactorily service Attribute 8 : Spacious interior space Attribute 9 : Not crowded Attribute 10 : Clean and comfortable Attribute 11 : Good public transport available Attribute 12 : Car parking facilities Attribute 13 : Easiness on finding the product Attribute 14 : Habit Attribute 15 : Trust in vendor Table 4.24: Group Statistics (Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to Shop At Different Store Formats) Place N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Attribute 1 Hypermarket 100 4.03 .904 .090 Wet Market 100 3.75 .857 .086 Attribute 2 Hypermarket 100 3.93 .935 .093 Wet Market 100 3.94 1.013 .101 Attribute 3 Hypermarket 100 3.77 .874 .087 Wet Market 100 4.11 .777 .078 Attribute 4 Hypermarket 100 4.06 .919 .092 Wet Market 100 4.05 .903 .090 Attribute 5 Hypermarket 100 3.87 .812 .081 Wet Market 100 4.19 .918 .092 Attribute 6 Hypermarket 100 3.71 .902 .090 Wet Market 100 3.64 .916 .092 Attribute 7 Hypermarket 100 3.62 .838 .084 Wet Market 100 3.80 .841 .084 Attribute 8 Hypermarket 100 3.74 .928 .093 Wet Market 100 2.98 1.025 .102 Attribute 9 Hypermarket 100 3.60 .921 .092 Wet Market 100 2.96 1.053 .105 Attribute 10 Hypermarket 100 3.89 .931 .093 Wet Market 100 2.92 1.152 .115 Attribute 11 Hypermarket 100 3.01 .959 .096 Wet Market 100 2.61 1.246 .125 Attribute 12 Hypermarket 100 3.85 1.095 .110 Wet Market 100 2.91 1.156 .116 Attribute 13 Hypermarket 100 3.87 .917 .092 Wet Market 100 3.94 .814 .081 Attribute 14 Hypermarket 100 3.39 1.014 .101 Wet Market 100 3.97 .969 .097 Attribute 15 Hypermarket 100 3.30 .969 .097 Wet Market 100 3.91 .944 .094 Table 4.25: Independent Samples Test (Store Attributes as the Reasons for Consumers to Shop At Different Store Formats) Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper Attribute 1 Equal variances assumed .939 .334 2.247 198 .026 .280 .125 .034 .526 Equal variances not assumed 2.247 197.443 .026 .280 .125 .034 .526 Attribute 2 Equal variances assumed .552 .458 -.073 198 .942 -.010 .138 -.282 .262 Equal variances not assumed -.073 196.728 .942 -.010 .138 -.282 .262 Attribute 3 Equal variances assumed 2.680 .103 -2.906 198 .004 -.340 .117 -.571 -.109 Equal variances not assumed -2.906 195.304 .004 -.340 .117 -.571 -.109 Attribute 4 Equal variances assumed .007 .933 .078 198 .938 .010 .129 -.244 .264 Equal variances not assumed .078 197.939 .938 .010 .129 -.244 .264 Attribute 5 Equal variances assumed 1.530 .218 -2.611 198 .010 -.320 .123 -.562 -.078 Equal variances not assumed -2.611 195.116 .010 -.320 .123 -.562 -.078 Attribute 6 Equal variances assumed .000 .984 .544 198 .587 .070 .129 -.184 .324 Equal variances not assumed .544 197.956 .587 .070 .129 -.184 .324 Attribute 7 Equal variances assumed .006 .938 -1.516 198 .131 -.180 .119 -.414 .054 Equal variances not assumed -1.516 197.998 .131 -.180 .119 -.414 .054 Attribute 8 Equal variances assumed .374 .542 5.498 198 .000 .760 .138 .487 1.033 Equal variances not assumed 5.498 196.080 .000 .760 .138 .487 1.033 Attribute 9 Equal variances assumed .198 .656 4.574 198 .000 .640 .140 .364 .916 Equal variances not assumed 4.574 194.543 .000 .640 .140 .364 .916 Attribute 10 Equal variances assumed 13.388 .000 6.550 198 .000 .970 .148 .678 1.262 Equal variances not assumed 6.550 189.648 .000 .970 .148 .678 1.262 Attribute 11 Equal variances assumed 14.930 .000 2.544 198 .012 .400 .157 .090 .710 Equal variances not assumed 2.544 185.772 .012 .400 .157 .090 .710 Attribute 12 Equal variances assumed 3.035 .083 5.904 198 .000 .940 .159 .626 1.254 Equal variances not assumed 5.904 197.434 .000 .940 .159 .626 1.254 Attribute 13 Equal variances assumed 2.579 .110 -.571 198 .569 -.070 .123 -.312 .172 Equal variances not assumed -.571 195.252 .569 -.070 .123 -.312 .172 Attribute 14 Equal variances assumed 1.164 .282 -4.136 198 .000 -.580 .140 -.857 -.303 Equal variances not assumed -4.136 197.589 .000 -.580 .140 -.857 -.303 Attribute 15 Equal variances assumed .605 .438 -4.509 198 .000 -.610 .135 -.877 -.343 Equal variances not assumed -4.509 197.861 .000 -.610 .135 -.877 -.343 T-test also has been used to test the respondents reason to shop at hypermarket and traditional wet market. 15 store attributes had been tested; those are appropriate opening hours, near to place of residence, product quality, product variety, reasonable price, speed of purchase, satisfactorily service, spacious interior space, not crowded, clean and comfortable, good public transport available, car parking facilities, easiness on finding the product, habit, and trust in vendor. From the result of the test, 10 out of 15 attributes showed statistically significant different between hypermarket and traditional wet market, which are appropriate opening hours, product quality, reasonable price, spacious interior space, not crowded, clean and comfortable, good public transport available, car parking facilities, habit and trust in vendor. Attribute 1, appropriate opening hours showed that t (df = 198) = 2.247, p.05 and Means for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=4.03) and (M=3.75). Respondents of hypermarket have a statistically significantly higher mean score on the reason to shop because of appropriate opening hours than respondents of traditional wet market. We can conclude that hypermarket respondent more prefer and agree with the opening hours of hypermarket compare to traditional wet market. Attribute 3, product quality has the result of t (df = 198) = -2.906, p.05 and Means for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=3.77) and (M=4.11). Respondents of hypermarket have a statistically significantly lower mean score on the reason of product quality than respondents of traditional wet market. It indicates that traditional wet market respondents more prefer and agree with traditional wet market has good product quality compare to hypermarket. Attribute 5, reasonable price get t (df = 198) = -2.611, p.05 and Means for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=3.87) and (M=4.19). Respondents of traditional wet market have a statistically significantly higher mean score on the reason of reasonable price than respondents of hypermarket. It indicates more respondents of traditional wet market agree that reasonable price is the reason for going to shop at traditional wet market compare to respondents of hypermarket. Attributes 8, 9 and 10, which are the attributes of spacious interior space, not crowed, clean and comfortable have shown that there is statistically significant difference between the mean score for hypermarket and traditional wet market. The result of T-test showed that attribute 8 is t (df = 198) = 5.498, p.05, Means score are respectively (M=3.74) and (M=2.98), while attribute 9 is t (df = 198) = 4.574, p.05, Means score are respectively (M=3.60) and (M=2.96), and attribute 10 is t (df = 198) = 6.550, p.05, Means score are respectively (M=3.89) and (M=2.92). All these results showed that there is statistically significant difference between the Means scores for hypermarket and traditional wet market. In other words, Means scores of hypermarket on the store attributes as the reasons to shop are higher than traditional wet market, it means that respondents of hypermarket more agree with these 3 attributes as their reason for going to shop at hypermarket, while respondents of tradit ional wet market more disagree with those attributes as their reasons to shop. Attributes 11 and 12 are good public transport available and car parking facilities. The T-test result for attribute 11 is t (df = 198) = 2.544, p.05, Means for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=3.01) and (M=2.61), while attribute 12 is t (df = 198) = 5.904, p.05, Means are respectively (M=3.85) and (M=2.91). These results indicate that hypermarket has higher mean scores compare to traditional wet market. The respondents of hypermarket more agree with these attributes are making them to shop at hypermarket. Attribute 14 and 15 are habit and trust in vendor. The T-test result for attribute 14 is t (df = 198) = -4.136, p.05, Means for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=3.39) and (M=3.97), while attribute 15 is t (df = 198) = -4.509, p.05, Means are respectively (M=3.30) and (M=3.91). Mean scores of traditional wet market are significantly higher than hypermarket, thus this indicates respondents of traditional wet market more agree with habit and trust in vendor are the attributes as their reason for going to shop at traditional wet market, while respondents of hypermarket more disagree with these attributes compare to traditional wet market respondents. There is 10 out of 15 attributes showed statistically significant difference among hypermarket and traditional wet market. Hypermarket have higher mean scores for appropriate opening hours, spacious interior space, not crowded, clean and comfortable, good public transport available and car parking facilities. On the other hand, traditional wet market has higher mean scores for product quality, speed of purchase, habit and trust in vendor. This indicates hypermarket and traditional wet market have their strength in attracting consumers. 4.3.3Importance Level of Store Attributes At Different Store Formats Importance levels were given by respondents to the following store attributes: Attribute 1 : Appropriate opening hours Attribute 2 : Near to place of residence Attribute 3 : Product quality Attribute 4 : Product variety Attribute 5 : Reasonable price Attribute 6 : Speed of purchase Attribute 7 : Satisfactorily service Attribute 8 : Spacious interior space Attribute 9 : Not crowded Attribute 10 : Clean and comfortable Attribute 11 : Good public transport available Attribute 12 : Car parking facilities Attribute 13 : Easiness on finding the product Table 4.26: Group Statistics (Importance Level of Store Attributes At Different Store Formats) Place N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Attribute 1 Hypermarket 100 3.98 .953 .095 Wet Market 100 4.20 .804 .080 Attribute 2 Hypermarket 100 4.27 .839 .084 Wet Market 100 4.32 .863 .086 Attribute 3 Hypermarket 100 4.33 .726 .073 Wet Market 100 4.56 .686 .069 Attribute 4 Hypermarket 100 4.39 .764 .076 Wet Market 100 4.53 .717 .072 Attribute 5 Hypermarket 100 4.47 .688 .069 Wet Market 100 4.61 .601 .060 Attribute 6 Hypermarket 100 3.96 .790 .079 Wet Market 100 4.21 .868 .087 Attribute 7 Hypermarket 100 4.19 .861 .086 Wet Market 100 4.31 .720 .072 Attribute 8 Hypermarket 100 3.84 .982 .098 Wet Market 100 3.89 .898 .090 Attribute 9 Hypermarket 100 3.85 .936 .094 Wet Market 100 3.78 .927 .093 Attribute 10 Hypermarket 100 4.27 .723 .072 Wet Market 100 3.97 .904 .090 Attribute 11 Hypermarket 100 3.61 .863 .086 Wet Market 100 3.34 .966 .097 Attribute 12 Hypermarket 100 4.16 .849 .085 Wet Market 100 4.01 .904 .090 Attribute 13 Hypermarket 100 4.18 .845 .085 Wet Market 100 4.43 .756 .076 Table 4.27: Independent Samples Test (Importance Level of Store Attributes At Different Store Formats) Levenes Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference Lower Upper Attribute 1 Equal variances assumed .949 .331 -1.764 198 .079 -.220 .125 -.466 .026 Equal variances not assumed -1.764 192.526 .079 -.220 .125 -.466 .026 Attribute 2 Equal variances assumed .022 .882 -.415 198 .678 -.050 .120 -.287 .187 Equal variances not assumed -.415 197.842 .678 -.050 .120 -.287 .187 Attribute 3 Equal variances assumed 1.630 .203 -2.303 198 .022 -.230 .100 -.427 -.033 Equal variances not assumed -2.303 197.394 .022 -.230 .100 -.427 -.033 Attribute 4 Equal variances assumed 1.353 .246 -1.336 198 .183 -.140 .105 -.347 .067 Equal variances not assumed -1.336 197.210 .183 -.140 .105 -.347 .067 Attribute 5 Equal variances assumed 4.784 .030 -1.532 198 .127 -.140 .091 -.320 .040 Equal variances not assumed -1.532 194.484 .127 -.140 .091 -.320 .040 Attribute 6 Equal variances assumed 4.347 .038 -2.130 198 .034 -.250 .117 -.481 -.019 Equal variances not assumed -2.130 196.286 .034 -.250 .117 -.482 -.018 Attribute 7 Equal variances assumed .212 .646 -1.069 198 .286 -.120 .112 -.341 .101 Equal variances not assumed -1.069 192.031 .286 -.120 .112 -.341 .101 Attribute 8 Equal variances assumed .336 .563 -.376 198 .707 -.050 .133 -.312 .212 Equal variances not assumed -.376 196.433 .707 -.050 .133 -.312 .212 Attribute 9 Equal variances assumed .003 .953 .531 198 .596 .070 .132 -.190 .330 Equal variances not assumed .531 197.983 .596 .070 .132 -.190 .330 Attribute 10 Equal variances assumed .798 .373 2.592 198 .010 .300 .116 .072 .528 Equal variances not assumed 2.592 188.845 .010 .300 .116 .072 .528 Attribute 11 Equal variances assumed 1.785 .183 2.084 198 .038 .270 .130 .014 .526 Equal variances not assumed 2.084 195.539 .038 .270 .130 .014 .526 Attribute 12 Equal variances assumed .370 .544 1.209 198 .228 .150 .124 -.095 .395 Equal variances not assumed 1.209 197.226 .228 .150 .124 -.095 .395 Attribute 13 Equal variances assumed .209 .648 -2.205 198 .029 -.250 .113 -.474 -.026 Equal variances not assumed -2.205 195.548 .029 -.250 .113 -.474 -.026 Importance level of store attributes had been tested to understand consumers perception. All the store attributes in this part are same as the store attributes as the reasons for consumers to shop, but habit and trust in vendor had been excluded in this part. There are 5 out of 13 store attributes showed statistically significant different among hypermarket and traditional wet market, which are product quality, speed of purchase, clean ad comfortable, good public facilities and easiness on finding the product. Attribute 3, which is product quality, showed statistically significant different among hypermarket and traditional wet market. The result of T-test showed t (df = 198) = -2.303, p.05, Means score for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=4.33) and (M=4.56). Traditional wet market has a higher mean score compare to hypermarket, it indicates consumers of traditional wet market are more emphasizing on the attribute of store providing better product quality, and they feel this is very important. Although, hypermarket has lower Mean score, but since the Mean score is high (4.33), thus this indicates they feel this is important as well. Attribute 6, speed of purchase, showed statistically significant different among hypermarket and traditional wet market. The T-test result is t (df = 198) = -2.130, p.05, Means score are respectively (M=3.96) and (M=4.21). Hypermarket showed statistically significant lower mean score compare to traditional wet market, it means consumers of hypermarket have less concern about attribute of store providing faster speed of purchase and do not feel this is very important while consumers of traditional wet market feel this is very important. Attribute 10, clean and comfortable, also has shown statistically significant different among two different store formats. The T-test result is t (df = 198) = 2.592, p.05, Means score for hypermarket and traditional wet market are respectively (M=4.27) and (M=3.97). Hypermarket has a statistically significant higher means score compare to traditional wet market, it indicates consumers of hypermarket are more concerning on attribute of store providing clean and comfortable environment to them, while consumers of traditional wet market may not feel this is an important attribute of a store. Attribute 11, good public transport available, has shown statistically significant different among hypermarket and traditional wet market as well. T-test result of this attributes is t (df = 198) = 2.084, p.05, Means score are respectively (M=3.61) and (M=3.34). Traditional wet market showed statistically significant lower mean score compare to hypermarket, it indicates consumers of traditional wet market are less emphasizing on the attribute of good public transport available at the store compare to hypermarket. Last but not least, attribute 13, which is easiness on finding the product, also has statistically significant among hypermarket and traditional wet market. T-test result for this store attribute is t (df = 198) = -2.205, p.05, Means score are respectively (M=4.18) and (M=4.43). Traditional wet market showed a statistically higher mean score compare to hypermarket. We can conclude that consumers of traditional wet market have put higher important level and more concerning on attribute of easiness on finding the product in the store. The conclusion is 8 out of 13 expectations showed there is no difference between hypermarket and traditional wet market. Consumers have put a high important level on store attributes. While 5 out of 13 expectations showed statistically significant among hypermarket and traditional wet market, this indicates consumers have put different importance level (higher or lower) of on the store attributes. 4.4 Conclusion Three methods have been used in data analyzing, which are descriptive, reliable analysis and independent T-test. As a result, in descriptive data, we able to identify the majority group in particular characteristics. For example, in the gender, we identified majority of the respondents are female. This majority group has occupied 54% of the respondent at hypermarket and 2/3 of the respondents at traditional wet market. We use the same way to describe all the basic data for socio-demographics, trip patterns and transaction patterns. A next step was taken to test the reliability of the data. Store attributes are the data will be tested in this part. From the result of store attributes as the reasons for consumers to shop at hypermarket and traditional wet market, we able identified from all 15 attributes, only 1 attribute for hypermarket and 3 attributes for traditional wet market showed higher alpha value than Cronbachs alpha value, it means the scale had suppressed the alpha level. Consumers might give low point for those attributes. In simple words, means that consumers did not take those attributes as their reason for shop at particular retail stores. Same method has been done for importance level of store attributes. For overall, all the results are reliable measure of consumer perception. Last step in analyzing data is Independent T-test. A comparison of the data has been tested to examine whether there is statistically significant different. Three results had been obtained in this part, which is the comparison of respondents profile, trip patterns and transaction patterns of different store formats, store attributes as the reasons for consumers to shop at different store formats, and importance level of store attributes at different store formats. A further discussion about findings of the data will be discussed in Chapter 5.