Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1590 Words

Attitudes toward the legalization due to the shifts over time take into consideration a shockingly exact reproduction of four decade of American social history. In November 2012, voters in Colorado and Washington State passed a law allowing, dispersion, and ownership of marijuana for medical and recreational use. This paper does not address the subject of whether cannabis ought to be legal; it concentrates on the configuration contemplation of making an adjustment in cannabis strategy. Regardless of whether marijuana authorization is positive or negative for general well-being and public security largely relies on upon administrative choices and how they are actualized. This paper contends that current federalism precepts neglect†¦show more content†¦It empowers the people to comprehend the dynamic communications between these levels as drug policies are created and utilized. Schwartz (2014) writes that the chief of undergraduate studies for the Department of Economics at Harvard University takes note of that of the $48.7 billion spent by states and the government in 2008, $13.8 billion was entirely utilized for cannabis authorization. Sanctioning cannabis would lessen state costs by $10.4 billion, government costs by $3.4 billion (Schwartz, 2014). Generally, large portions of the Americans now support legalizing recreational marijuana. Various states are exploring different avenues regarding therapeutic and recreational cannabis leaving the requirement for government policies on marijuana. Marijuana legalization speaks to the most pointed government- state policy struggle subsequent to racial integration. Permitted by twenty states, restorative utilization of cannabis (and in two states, recreational utilization of pot) remains precluded by federal criminal law (Schwartz, 2014). Schwartz (2014) discloses that preceding 1996, the laws of each of the fifty states made criminal offenses of possessing cannabis and distribution, like government law. How ever, beginning with

Concept of Globalisation Free Essays

Concept of Globalization Globalization means different things to different people. The three important perspectives of globalization are as follows: †¢ To a business executive, globalization refers to a strategy of crossing national boundaries through globalized production and marketing networks. †¢ To an economist, globalization refers to an economic interdependence between countries covering increased trade, technology, labor, and capital flows. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Globalisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢ To a political scientist, globalization refers to an integration of a global community in terms of ideas, norms, and values. Because of these differences in perspectives, globalization has been defined in many different ways. The following are the widely used definitions of globalization: †¢ â€Å"Globalization is a free movement of goods, services, people, capital, and information across national boundaries. † †¢ â€Å"Globalization is a process by which an activity or undertaking becomes worldwide in scope. † †¢ â€Å"Globalization is a process of integration of the world as one market. † Form these definitions; it is clear that globalization leads to an integrated global economy. The process of globalization ultimately converts the huge globe into a small global village. Forms of Globalization Globalization is a multi-dimensional process. It has four important dimensions: economic, cultural, political, and environmental. The process of globalization is now influencing these aspects of an economy. A brief description of these forms of globalization is as follows: ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION: Economic influence is the most obvious part of globalization. Economic globalization is contributed by liberalization, deregulation, privatization, and declining costs of the markets in goods, services, capital, trade, and finance. Economic globalization has speeded up in the recent past. A free-trade doctrine removes the barriers to the flow of goods between countries. The formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has given impetus to this process. Multinational companies are another force to boost up economic globalization. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION: Different countries have different sets of national beliefs, values and norms. The expanding process of globalization has brought these cultural diversities together to form a global culture. Advances in communications, television networks, transportation technology have been reducing the barriers of distance and culture. Over the last several years, global communications have been revolutionized by developments in satellites, digital switching, and optical fiber telephone lines. As a result of such developments, reliable system of commercial jet travel has reduced the time it takes to get from one location to another. This has tremendous impact on the flow of tourists across the globe. Television programmers have made people aware of other cultures and languages. These have reduced the cultural distance between countries. The process of globalization has increased mutual understanding, peaceful coexistence, and learning from each other’s experiences. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION: Nations today are more inter-dependent. They are joining hands to participate in creating macro-political framework for development. There are exchanges of views and experiences between nations regarding the establishment of good governance system, legal system, human rights, free media, property rights, decentralized pattern of governance, relatively free access to state information, and so on. The regional grouping of nations has promoted the integration further and created pressure for democracy and human rights. Because of these global influences, the political system worldwide made a shift away from command and mixed economies to the free-market model. ENVIRONMETAL GLOBALIZATION: The globe today is facing unprecedented problems of global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, acute loss of bio-diversity, and trans-border pollution. In fact, ecological problems like floods, soil erosion, water pollution, air pollution, acid rain, and global warming cross national borders without hindrance. To prevent any further degradation of global ecology, the world community is actively engaged in preventing the growing problem of environment. Today, world attention has been drawn toward conservation of environment, harnessing water resources, and judicious use of non-renewable resource. The world community is, therefore, trying to encourage countries to understand these global environment issues and adopt legal and other measures to protect the environment. Nature of Globalization Globalization promotes international business. The international business is composed of four main categories: (i) world trade, (ii) portfolio investment (iii) direct investment, and (iv) multinational enterprises. A brief description of international business is given below: WORLD TRADE: The oldest form of international business is trading of merchandise. Consumers in one country buy goods, which are produced in another country. This is a common phenomenon. Most of the world trade today is among the industrialized countries. World trade is mostly made up of manufactured goods. The service trade has also been rapidly increasing during recent years. Export business is beneficial for a country not only in terms of trade, but also because it creates export-related jobs. With the growing integration of the world economy, world trade would also increase. In fact, expansion of world trade itself has been made easier by two things. Firstly, technological changes in transport, global network of banking and insurance, and information flows have made it possible to undertake world trade more quickly. Secondly, a number of international and regional agreements or arrangements have been established to promote and coordinate world trade. PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT: International portfolio investment is also known as indirect foreign investment. Portfolio investment is the second main type of globalization. It is the purchase of foreign securities in the form of stocks, bonds, or commercial papers to obtain a return on that investment in the form of dividends, interests, or capital gains. Acquiring foreign stocks and bonds does not confer managerial control of a foreign enterprise on the buyer. Rather, the international portfolio investor is a creditor whose main concern is a decent return on his or her investment. Therefore, the capital flow is greatly affected by relative interest rates and strong currency values, which result in high return for the investors. FOREIGN DERECT INVESTMENT: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the long-term capital investment. It involves acquisitions by domestic firms of foreign-based factories or any other types of business firms. The investor, thus, enjoys managerial control over the assets of the acquired firm. Direct investment may be financed in a number of ways other than through capital movements. Foreign investments may be financed by borrowing locally, by reinvesting foreign earnings, by the sale to foreign affiliate of non-financial assets such as technology, or through funds generated by licensing fees and payments for management services to the parent company. MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES: FDI is an important vehicle for the birth and growth of multinational companies. A multinational company encompasses both domestic and overseas operations. It is called multinational because it operates across national boundaries. However, its focus is on foreign markets. A multinational company, thus, has all the components of the definition of globalization and international business discussed above. Being multinational in scope and activity, such firms also encounter wide-ranging socio-cultural, political, and legal problems while operating in many different countries. Methods of Globalization There are a number of methods for globalization of business. In each method, there is a choice of strategies to follow. These strategies are sometimes referred to as â€Å"foreign market entry strategies†. If the international business strategy is to be successful, a business firm must carefully analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different entry methods before deciding on its approaches. A brief account of some of the methods of globalization is as follows: EXPORTING: The most widely used and common method of doing business internationally is exporting. A direct export operation is a direct sale by a manufacturer to an overseas customer. Indirect exporting involves selling through an intermediary. Exporting is preferable when the cost of production in the home country is substantially lower than producing goods in foreign markets. Therefore, business firms having cost advantage would like to export their products to foreign markets instead of investing in production facilities there. Exporting is, thus, the first stage in the evolution of international business. Exporting is the best alternative under a given set of conditions. It is the least complex global operations. However, there are some factors, which make exporting less attractive than other alternatives. For example, policies of some governments discriminate against import. In some cases, imports are even banned. There may also be hostility against imports. In these situations, exporting strategy may not be effective. LICENSIG AND FRANCHINSG: Licensing and franchising are important entry and expansion methods. Through these methods, the companies can expand their business. Earnings come to the company through fees and royalties. Today, many western companies have been extensively using licensing and franchising practices. One of the growing trends in international business today has been trademark licensing. This has become a substantial source of worldwide revenue. Licensing offers rapid entry into a foreign market. Under international licensing, a business firm can contractually assign the rights to certain technical know-how, design, intellectual property to a foreign company in return for royalty. In many countries, law regulates such fees or royalties. At times, a licensing agreement may be of cross-licensing type wherein there is mutual exchange of knowledge and patents. In a cross-licensing arrangement, a cash payment may or may not be involved. The advantage of licensing is that the licenser does not have to bear the development costs associated with opening up in a foreign country. The licensee bears the costs. Franchising is a form of licensing in which a parent company (the franchiser) grants another independent entity (the franchise) the right to do business in a prescribed manner. The franchisee buys an established marketing package without the risks of product acceptance, market testing, etc. The franchiser gets foreign market entry at minimum cost, plus a local ntrepreneur. The privilege may be the right to sell the parent company’s product, to use its name, to adopt its methods, or to copy its symbols, trademarks and architecture. One of the common forms of franchising involves the franchiser supplying some ingredients for finished products, like coca-cola supplying the syrup to the bottlers. Hilton Hotels might sell a franchise to a local company in Nepal to operate hotels under the Hilton name. FULLY OWNED MANUFACTURING FACILITIES: Bigger corporations establish their own factories abroad. This strategy has some advantages. The corporation owning the factory has full control over production and quality. There is also no risk of developing potential competitors as in the case of licensing and contract manufacturing. However, there may be some problems while operating in a foreign country. The government may impose restrictions on the use of desired technology. Similarly, constraints such as lack of skilled manpower, infrastructural facilities, production bottlenecks, raw material supply etc. may also be encountered. Above all, the corporation may have to invest a lot in terms of financial and managerial resources to operate the plant in its fullest capacity. JOINT VENTURES A joint venture is a partnership in which the domestic firm and the foreign firm negotiates tie up involving one or more of the the following:equity,transfer of technology,investment,production and marketing. The arrangement defines responsibility for performance,accountability and powersharing. MERGER AND ACQUISITION The most extensive form of participation in global market is 100% ownership,which may be achieved by start up,merger or acquisition STRATEGIC ALLIANCE Various terms are used to describe the linkage between firms to jointly pursue a common goal,such as collaborative agreements,strategic alliance and global strategic partnership. EFFECT OF GLOBALISATION Increasing globalization has many effect and consequences on an indivisual business firm as well as the national economy. These effect are both positive as well as negative. We can identity some 5 major effects of Globalisation Liberalized International Trade Import Penetration Foreign Direct Investment Multinational Companies Competitive Environment How to cite Concept of Globalisation, Papers

Enthusiasm Mind of Growing Children

Question: Discuss about the Article for Mind of growing children carries full of enthusiasm. Answer: Introduction Young children always learn in their growth stage and they easily adopt the process and system around them. In this stage, they not only grow physically, but also grow mentally that shape the future state of mind. Therefore, it is very important to provide the proper environment in this age where they can grow with a positive approach in their life. This stage of growth among the children continues to happen through several observations and interactions with the external environment (Jaswal Malone, 2007). In this process, they also associate, store, use information within them from the external environment, and implement them in their life. In recent time, the world has changed from and different aspect and childrens are getting lot of technological entertainment that have no existence in the real life. Particularly several television programs that are not associates with the real life scenario influence the magical thinking of the children (Skolnick Weisberg Bloom, 2009). Sometime s the influence become do extensive that affect the mental growth of the children and they fail to adopt the real life situation. Discussion Cognitive development is the procurement of mental procedures that are required for speculation and understanding your general surroundings. According to the view of Skolnick Weisberg Sobel (2012), cognitive development incorporates various abilities including coherent thinking, collaboration, handling and storing information whether it is necessary of not irrespective of positive or negative sense. To figure out cognitive progression it is important to understand, identifies kids activity among different age, and compares them with the realistic and normal behavior. If the behavioral changes are too different from the common characteristic then it needs serious intervention with positive influence. Sharon Woolley (2004) has opined that timely recognition of the cognitive behavior will provide the parent to rectify the situation. However if the child is continuously getting the influence of negative activity then it will impose the negative picture in the childs mind that will deve lop against the reality. Several studies have revealed the fact that every activity in front of a child is developing the image of real world. During the growth, stage if the children is associated with the imagistic environment then somewhere in the mind of the children it will remain for life long, that may in the future contradict with the thought of reality. According to Corriveau Harris (2015), power of imagination in a magical way is much more active in the childrens mind because they do not know the real world. Therefore, their thought and imagination always contradict with the real life situation and they feel upset. Children as young as three comprehend the idea of what is genuine and what is not, until they are around seven. Children can be effortlessly deceived by grown-ups tempting words or by evidence. They grab their convictions about some fantastical characters like Santa or some others longer than others do. Therefore, once the children mind is attached with the magical elements during the growth stage it becomes very difficult to make them understand the reality until the adult age. On the other hand, Shtulman (2009) has opined that creative energy was considered as a path for kids to escape from reality, and once they achieved a particular age, it was trusted they would push dream aside and manage this present reality. In any case, progressively, kid advancement specialists perceive the significance of creative ability and the part it plays in comprehension reality. Creative energy is fundamental for finding out about individuals and occasions we do not specifically experience, for example, history or occasions on the opposite side of the world. For youthful children, it permits them to contemplate the future, for example, what they need to do when they grow up. To support this view Martarelli Mast (2013) has stated that, it is critical yet unnecessary for guardians to boost dream play among their kids. On the off chance that the youngster as of now has a imaginary friend, for occasion, guardians ought to take after their kids lead and offer consolation in the event that they are happy with doing as such. Additionally, if it appears to be encouraged by the thought, guardians can empower it. Nevertheless, if guardians pick not to present or support the confidence in imaginary characters, they ought to search for different approaches to energize their youngsters' creative impulses, for example, by playing well-groomed up or perusing imaginary tale. On the other hand according to the viewpoints of Bunce Harris (2008) a kid's improvement includes passionate, physical and intellectual advancement. Being a guardian, it becomes always critical to comprehend the diverse ways that your kid grows so one can track progress, strengthen progression and recognize issues. Rational progression affects your kids training and by comprehension the diverse stages. Therefore, you can be steady of any educational contractor working with your kid and thus, have dynamic influence in your kids improvement at home. Several theorists have pretend different view on the cognitive development of the children mind and most of the theory has emphasized on the environmental aspect of the children. The future of the children is highly associated with the functional environment of his or her family which also dependent on the shape of the society where the family lives. If the family is living among the higher class society then there is a high chance of growing the magical imagination due to lot of influence. However, middle class society is more aware about the real life situation and they provide the basic environment to their children (Milligan, Astington Dack, 2007). Therefore, the tendency of getting the magical imagination among the richer is more as compared to middle class. Due to this environmental difference during the growth stage middle class childs adjust more quickly with the real world whereas childrens from upper class struggle to understand the real situation. Piaget's Cognitive Theor y, which comprises of three fundamental segments. The first is patterns, which are the building pieces of a kid's learning and how he forms and classifies data. For instance, a youngster has an arrangement of data about steeds that he can recover when he sees one that helps him recognize it as a steed (Browne Woolley, 2004). He first arranges a zebra as a steed as it fits with the data he has. Nevertheless, when he discovers this is not the situation, he will store extra data, for example, that a zebra has stripes. At that point, he will make another classification. The second part incorporates the procedures that occur for the move to happen starting with one phase then onto the next. At last, the third segment incorporates the phases of improvement themselves. Formative variations and the formative transformations represent unique difficulties to educators. The varieties among kids propose a need give exceptional help to the individuals who are behind, maybe by offering more prominent chances to play or by platform and supporting starting play for kids unused to maintaining it all alone. In the meantime, the individual changes empowered by play challenge instructors to see play for what it is and where it leads, and to disclose this information convincingly to others, for example, guardians or kindred teachers (Wellman, Cross Watson, 2001). These different grown-ups may see just the instantly noticeable contrasts amongst play and genuine considering, and not the formative associations fundamental them. Early youth instructors confront the assignment of developing such understanding and disclosing to them how play adds to the fates of youngsters, socially as well as psychologically too. Vygotskys theory of cognitive development among the children is different that focus on two perspective one is the social speech and the other is private speech. In effect with the social speech, this theory is associated with the zone of proximal development. According to Woolley,Boerger Markman(2004) zone of proximal development is associated with the components that help the kid to move from one state that is what the kid can do of his or her own to the other where the kid can do only with the support of others. Both the state is important for the children to overcome the growth stage. In such situation, the growing children will be able to understand and identify the situation that he or she can manage. On the other hand, Boerger (2011) has opined that scaffolding is the stage that needs support across the zone of proximal development that is related to the private speech of Vygotskys theory. In this situation the external and internal environmental of the kid do not provide the proper infrastructure that will make them self-dependent. To establish both the fact Carrick Quas (2006) has conveyed that tutor of the kid plays a great role in this stage. Here tutor means that person whom the kid believes most and tries to follow his or her activity influence the behavioral aspect. Cognitive development also works as the storage of information through different process of encoding decoding and transformation of data. As the children grow, they start to realize the external situation and develop a analytical tool within them by developing various logic. All the logic is simple and straight to them and they start to believe their eyes. The fantasy tool works in this stage and along with the real view, they start to develop a imaginary view in their mind. This two state of mind often makes them puzzle and they start to mismatch the things in the real situation. Conclusion Mind of growing children carries full of enthusiasm since they are learning in that stage. Each and every step help them to understand the external environment and starts to remember every situation they face. Growing children learn very fast and they try to adopt the situation and behavior around them. The process of learning happens in such a way that do not have immediate outcome however all the learning of the child is reaming in the dormant stage that may be triggered in any stage of life. From the above discussion, it can be summarized that cognitive development incorporates various abilities including coherent thinking, collaboration, handling and storing information whether it is necessary of not irrespective of positive or negative sense. However if the child is continuously getting the influence of negative activity then it will impose the negative picture in the childs mind that will develop against the reality. They grab their convictions about some fantastical characters like Santa or some others longer than others do. Therefore, once the childrens mind is attached with the magical elements during the growth stage it becomes very difficult to make them understand the reality until the adult age. References Boerger, E. A. (2011). In fairy tales fairies can disappear: Childrens reasoning about the characteristics of humans and fantasy figures. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29, 635655. Browne, C.A., Woolley, J.D.(2004). Pre-schoolers magical explanations for violations of physical, social, and mental laws.Journal of Cognition and Development,5(2),239260. Bunce, L., Harris, M. (2008). I saw the real Father Christmas! Childrens everyday uses of the words real, really, and pretend. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 26(3), 445455. Carrick, N., Quas, J. A. (2006). Effects of discrete emotions on young childrens ability to discern fantasy and reality. Developmental Psychology, 42(6), 12781288. Corriveau, K. H., Harris, P. L. (2015). Childrens developing realization that some stories are true: links to the understanding of beliefs and signs. Cognitive Development, 34, 7687 Jaswal, V. K., Malone, L. S. (2007). Turning believers into skeptics: 3-Year-olds sensitivity to cues to speaker credibility. Journal of Cognition and Development, 8, 263283. Martarelli, C. S., Mast, F. W. (2013). Is it real or is it fiction? Childrens bias toward reality. Journal of Cognition and Development, 14(1), 141153. Milligan, K., Astington, J. W., Dack, L. (2007). Language and theory of mind: meta-analysis of the relation between language ability and false-belief understanding. Child Development, 78(2), 622646. Sharon, T., Woolley, J. D. (2004). Do monsters dream? Young childrens understanding of the fantasy/reality distinction. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 293310. Shtulman, A. (2009). The development of possibility judgment within and across domains. Cognitive Development, 24, 293309. Skolnick Weisberg, D. Bloom, P. (2009), Young children separate multiple pretend worlds. Developmental Science, 12:699705. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00819.x Skolnick Weisberg, D., Sobel, D. M. (2012). Young children discriminate improbable from impossible events in fiction. Cognitive Development, 27(1), 9098. Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., Watson, J. (2001). Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: The truth about false belief. Child Development, 72, 655684 Woolley, J. D.,Boerger, E. A., Markman, A. B.(2004).A visit from the Candy Witch: Factors influencing young children's belief in a novel fantastical being.Developmental Science,7,456468.